Marketing Changes Your Brain Free Essays

The motivation behind why I picked the subject for my last paper â€Å"Marketing Changes Your Brain† is on the grounds that we are continually encircled by notices every day to where the legislature is fundamentally programming us from birth to be purchasers in this free enterprise society. Likewise this point helps me to remember one of my preferred educators, Dry. Choc who shows Sociology at San Diego State University. We will compose a custom paper test on Advertising Changes Your Brain or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now His talks were consistently groundbreaking, and I could tell in the conviction of his voice that he is emphatically kill about his calling and adores educating students. One of the primary subjects of the semester was about commercialization and how it influences us each and every day. Measurements show that the normal American will go over 5000 distinct sorts of notices a day (Lecture, Choc). There are a large number of ways we come in contact through advertisements nowadays including, plugs, banners, covers on food, and so forth. What I essentially realized in this class was that we ought to be increasingly mindful of what it meaner to be customers of Capitalism and to acknowledge the amount we have been abused to be consistent purchasers. The explanation huge numbers of us succumb to notices we see is on the grounds that huge numbers of these organizations deliberately cause their plugs to actuate a piece of the brain’s reward/delight focus. The joy place is comprised of core acumen’s and ventral confirmation region which the cerebrum gets dopamine (Plotting, Summoning). This prize/joy is firmly related when people do pleasurable things such eating most loved nourishments, watching films, sex, and medications (Plotting, Summoning). In the module 9 basic reasoning, the article clarifies how the utilization Coca Cola will actuate the prize/delight focus which is another case of why numerous Americans are dependent on it. Ironicly Americans in as of late years have put so Running head Much cash into forestalling heftiness and youth stoutness yet our legislature doesn’t put any exertion into diminishing the quantity of advertisements we see from these soft drink organizations. Another intriguing point that the basic reasoning article shows is the way smell and sound-related faculties likewise have to do with promoting and how we deliberately don’t even acknowledge it. I can relate myself as when I’m close In-n-Out burger and I can smell the burgers and unexpectedly need a hankering for it. The course book calls this Subliminal Message where it meaner that our observation is underneath a flat out edge where there is under half of it being acknowledged (Plotting, Summoning). Another subconscious prompt can likewise be sound-related as the course reading gives a case of how playing French music will bring about individuals buying increasingly French Wine. Subconscious cues can be seen at each store at the shopping center, for example, Hollister. Stroll into a Hollister and you will see how it Just scents like a cemented aroma pit and the surrounding lights. Anyway the best impacts to our cerebrums is culture, another point which Dry. Choc has consistently raised in addresses. Notice have been a prevailing impact in our way of life and tragically numerous Americans don't understand how much our mind is being affected. Not even Just as grown-ups, promotions can catch somebody at any age. Notwithstanding these, I ask numerous individuals to settle on increasingly more astute decisions such eating adjusted, Step by step instructions to refer to Marketing Changes Your Brain, Papers

International Relations discussion 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Relations conversation 2 - Essay Example Authenticity and Radicalism appear to give moderately less compelling structure to a superior comprehension of global frameworks, since Realism sees job of self-centeredness and self intrigued to overwhelm on others. Most definitely, it likewise keeps practically same view that individuals are spurred without anyone else intrigue. Answer to address 2 Domestic variables like objectives and targets, national intrigue and needs, cultural impact and so on assume huge jobs in the execution of the international strategy. The target of the international strategy can be seen to be a future vision. Who engage in the international strategy and investigating cultural effects on it are additionally exceptionally significant factors in deciding the international strategy. Essentially, structure of the administration, mostly comparable to discovering whether it looks after transparency, how are the individuals in that nation and how are the predominant political and vital culture additionally deci de the international strategy (Russett, Starr, and Kinsella 2009). Answer to address 3 Nationalism is mental, social and social powers that impact the arrangement of a country.

How to Manage Claustrophobia During Medical Procedures

How to Manage Claustrophobia During Medical Procedures Phobias Types Print Managing Claustrophobia During Medical Procedures By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 24, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on January 24, 2020 Dana Neely/The Image Bank/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment If you suffer from claustrophobia or the fear of enclosed spaces, you may be afraid to undergo some important medical tests, such as a CT scan or an  MRI. For this reason, claustrophobia can actually be dangerous. A wide variety of medical tests and procedures may trigger claustrophobia.?? Rather than avoid these tests and put your health at risk, you need to learn how to successfully manage your fear. Claustrophobia Is Different For Everyone Like any other phobia, claustrophobia may be mild or severe.?? Some people are afraid only of extremely tight enclosures, while others become uncomfortable in crowded rooms or in roller coaster restraints. In extreme cases, sufferers may be unable to completely close a bathroom or kitchen door. Why Medical Procedures Trigger  Claustrophobia Many medical procedures require that you stay extremely still. Actual or simulated restraints may be used to keep you still and the treatment site sterile. Plus, certain procedures - such as CT scans - involve sliding into a hollow tube on a gently moving table. For many claustrophobia sufferers,  MRIs cause the most fear.?? The procedure requires that you lay virtually immobile in a tight, loud chamber for up to an hour. A typical MRI chamber is much bigger and more imposing than a CT tube, and the typical scan time is a lot longer, too. Managing Your  Claustrophobia   Despite your fear of a CT scan or an MRI, medical procedures are an important part of life. Its extremely dangerous to neglect your health due to a phobia. You may need professional assistance to manage your claustrophobia if its keeping you from getting medical tests. If your fear is mild to moderate, there are several steps you can take to prepare yourself for any medical procedure.?? Tell your primary care doctor about your phobia. He or she can help you prepare by explaining an upcoming procedure in detail and letting you know what to expect.Ask to see the equipment in advance.  For many people, just seeing the machine and how it operates can help to reduce anticipatory anxiety. You may even be permitted to lie on the table or watch a technician turn on the equipment.Inquire about distractions.  Some facilities now provide music, soothing images or even movies for patients undergoing anxiety-producing tests. A few even go so far as to recreate a peaceful beach scene or another pleasant environment within the testing room.Ask about chemical sedation.  Some doctors prescribe mild tranquilizers for certain patients undergoing these procedures. Of course, this will depend on your personal health history and the requirements of the particular procedure. Many doctors will not provide anything stronger, such as general anesthesia, although this opinion may vary through the medical community.Discuss alternatives.  Some facilities now offer Open MRIs, which eliminate the closed chamber. Youll still be enclosed, but youll have access to fresh air and light. If your fear is not severe, this type of MRI may be tolerable. In addition, alternative types of imaging procedures may be acceptable for some conditions. Discuss the risks and benefits of possible alternatives with your physician. Claustrophobia responds extremely well to treatment and management procedures. If your claustrophobia is impacting your life, its important to seek the advice of a qualified mental health professional.?? With some effort, you can successfully overcome claustrophobia and get the CT scans, MRIs and other medical tests you need. Ways to Address Your Fear of Small Spaces

Current Perspectives, Research Findings, Synthesis And...

Current Perspectives, Research Findings, Synthesis and Analysis According to Knowles (1973), self-actualization is the goal of adult education. Knowles would champion the term and use of andragogy for adults. Post-secondary higher education for adult learners is a need that can be addressed by broadening accessibility and through the use group learning. Eventually, this objective is met in 1976 by the University of Phoenix by focusing on addressing an appropriate pedagogical learning approach called collaborative; which is â€Å"viewed as a pillar of adult education† (Harasim, 2012, p. 128). An alternative approach to pedagogy and andragogy was raised by Knudson in 1980, as he proposed replacing the term with humanagogy (Holmes †¦show more content†¦An additional perspective was proposed by Davenport as he believed the two terms need not be mutually exclusive as both have value but needed to be tested empirically for validity and conceptual clarification (Holmes Abington-Cooper, 2000). â€Å"The literal and original definition of pedagogy and andragogy also can allow for both teacher-centered and learner-centered activities. Both the child leader and the adult leader may be at different times directive and nondirective, authoritative and facilitative, etc. (Davenport, 1987)† (Holmes Abington-Cooper, 2000, para. 30). Rachal was also in agreement with Davenport that the two approaches are not mutually exclusive, in addition, also not dichotomous (Holmes Abington-Cooper, 2000). According to Holmes Cooper (2000), pedagogy has little to do with children learning and is concerned more with their obedience to adhere to the instruction of the teacher (Samaroo et al., 2013). There is no concern for how adults learn or are taught. Pedagogy is an authoritarian model that assumes the â€Å"adult knows what the child needs to know† (Samaroo et al., 2013, p. 90). Another alternative perspective is of another combined approach to pedagogy and andragogy which is pedandragogy (Samaroo et al., 2013). Pedandragogy while a main proponent is self-directedness, it calls for the creation and development of learning tools to promote self-engagement; this model associates student engagement

Conjugate the Irregular French Verb Boire

Quantitative Methods Free Essays

Decision Science Management: Please show all your work with the problems in steps but NOT just answers. 22. Reiser Sports Products wants to determine the number of All-Pro (A) and College (C) footballs to produce in order to maximize profit over the next four-week planning horizon. We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now Constraints affecting the production quantities are the production capacities in three departments: cutting and dyeing; sewing; and inspection and packaging. For the four-week planning period, 340 hours of cutting and dyeing time, 420 hours of sewing time, and 200 hours of inspection and packaging time are available. All-Pro footballs provide of $5 per unit and College footballs provide a profit of $4 per unit. The linear programming model with production times expressed in minutes is as follows: Max 5A + 4C s. t. 12A + 6C 20,400 Cutting and dyeing 9A + 15C 25,200 Sewing 6A + 6C 12,000 Inspection and packaging A, C 0 A portion of the graphical solution to the Reiser problem is shown in Figure 2. 23 a. Shade the feasible region for this problem. b. Determine the coordinates of each extreme point and the corresponding profit. Which extreme point generates the highest profit? c. Draw the profit line corresponding to a profit of $4000. Move the profit line as far from the origin as you can in order to determine which extreme point will provide the optimal solution. Compare your answer with the approach you used in part (b). d. Which constraints are binding? Explain. e. Suppose that the values of the objective function coefficients are $4 for each All-Pro model produced and $5 for each College model. Use the graphical solution procedure to determine the new optimal solution and the corresponding value of profit. How to cite Quantitative Methods, Essay examples

Investigating Influence of Musical Congruity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Investigating Influence of Musical Congruity. Answer: Introduction: Australia is one of those countries with many organizations/companies that are at different levels of the economic marketing. Among them is the DV8 Leather Company that deals with the manufacture and supply of leather materials. This is a local and home based company that was started in 2010. Ever since this company has grown and has been launching new products into the Australian market.DV8 is located in Buxton, new south Whales and specialize in custom made leather where it operates its business from their residence to avoid more costs. Their products are sold online in dv8leather.com, at trade events or some reputable retail outlets around India. The new product opportunity identified is the manufacture and use of leather vests. This company started supplying leather made materials like biker and belts but it has now decided to launch a new product into the Australian market. The impact of business innovation has positive results to SMEs.(Apansovich, 2016) This was an idea developed as a result of creativity and exploration of the existing market and the satisfaction of the customers by the available related goods. This company is both launching a new product to the national market of its country Australia and trying to penetrate the worlds international market. The sale of leather vests is a new technology and therefore it is in strive to successfully convince both the national and international market that their product is the best and also diversity the sale of its new product. DV8 Leather innovation is also as a result of the signing of the free trade treaty between Australia and China that has really promoted the growth of trade and the introduction of new commodities in the market. This is because with minimum trade restrictions manufacturers will always get a wide market to sell their products. This market introduced market opportunity was identified after the observation of continued promotions and adverts both in social and mainstream media. The introduction of a new business opportunity is accompanied by advertising (Moreno-Moya, 2016). After this company launched a new product to the market, it began serious advertising to catch the attention of the prospective buyers. Ready vests that are made of rhino skin were promoted continuously and happy customers were reviewing the product leaving positive comments. Every advert was aimed at catching Australian market and penetrates to other countries of the world market. In respect to the business environment, there are usually those factors that affect a particular business internally i.e. the micro environment and those that affect the business externally i.e. the macro business environment (Hood, 2016). Sale of leather vests, being a business like any other is affected by these factors. To begin with, this is how internal factors affected this new opportunity: The business structure is one of the micro-environment and it refers to the arrangement of activities that are carried out at various levels of the organization so that business objective may be achieved. The organ gram, therefore of dv8 leather was easily established because there were easy management and decision making owing to the fact that it is a private and home run company. The arrangement of these activities is therefore easy making the sale of leather vests a success. The company organized itself well and made all efforts to bring out their product as being the best. Resources are yet another business micro environment and they dictate the continuity and success of a business. It will dictate whether a particular product will continue to be made and it includes human, financial, physical and technological resources. To begin with, dv8 has almost enough and actually qualified employees that have relevant skills in the same area of specialization(Chilopora, 2016). Financially, dv8 is a company that is stable and has adequate funds to finance the production of the leather vests. Dv8 has good physical resources such as machinery and super high technology for its production. There are also external factors that affect a particular business. According to (Bello, 2016) are the macro business environment and they include economic, demographic, legal-political, technological, cultural, competitive, enterprise and the physical environment. To begin with, the economic factor is favorable because buyers have proven to be in a position to buy these leather vests. In the demographic factor, the population is not showing a continued increase and hence this is rather affecting the diversification of the business. Luckily, there have not been legal-political crises over the mentioned product. This absence of a legal crisis is a positive promoter of the business. Technological environment is yet another factor. If a business uses out-dated technology while other businesses is using modern technology consumers will go for the other firm's products. A business that uses high production technology produces higher quality products attracting a wider market(Lofsten, 2016). In our case, Dv8 Company is associated with high production technology from the conversion of skin to leather to the point of making the vests. On top of that, the invention of the leather vests was accompanied by an increase in production technology leading to the business success. The competitive environment is a big challenge to most of the business organizations worldwide. It means an environment where firms are trying to outdo each other in an effort to maximize profits. There are two types of competition, a generic competition where products are used for the same purpose though they are different and enterprise competition where firm's products are similar to the other firms. This poses a big challenge to the dv8 company. There is competition from other firms who sell woolen or cotton jackets and also from other companies that copied dv8 and started making these Leather vests. The physical environment includes factors such as relief, climate, and infrastructure like roads, water supply, banks among others. Dv8 Company is strategically placed and therefore enjoys good infrastructure and access to services such as banking. This, of course, is one major source of the success of the sale of leather vests. This is to mean that its placement gives it access to infrastructure and other important social services. The market is one of the very most important factors that affect the success of any business organization. In this case, market availability leads to a business success while its unavailability will lead to a business failure. In the case of Dv8 Company, which deals with the sale of leather vests, there has been a pronounced market from the Australian society. It is evident that the Australian society supports the technology and is ready to purchase the products. With the recent signing of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement, after a 10 year negotiation period, it is expected that trade will double from the existing levels as the local tariff barriers have been lifted between Australian exports and the Chinese Markets. For Australian and New Zealand SMEs, this presents exciting new opportunities being the best-positioned, geographically and in business to make the most of this shift in the world economy (Ghezzi, 2015). This is a major advantage to the dv8 company because of the diversified market for its vests. With these opportunities comes a new set of challenges. Small businesses will need to start thinking internationally if they want to capitalize on the opportunities presented in coming decades. By being agile and taking the time to truly engage with the new powerhouse economies of the Asia Pacific, businesses will be well-placed to grow throughout the Asian Century. This has found dv8 in the zeal to explore new market and soar to the international market. The market has been established and is growing and more of the vests are sold every day. The advancement of trade and trade partnership has favored these vests. Even though there is no a mentionable population increase in Australia, the market has been expanded to the rest of the world countries. Every business that starts is faced by competition challenge. Since the establishment of the dv8 company in 2010, there has been competition. Most of the new opportunities introduced in the market are faced with stiff competition(Wright, 2013). When the leather vests were established, there has been competition from other firms that are selling the substitutes of these vests. Some companies sell woolen or cotton jackets and since these products are all meant to keep one warm, people sometimes tent to prefer woolen jackets and vests which are lighter rather than the heavy leather vests which are sometimes uncomfortable. There has also emerged some other firms both nationally and internationally that have borrowed the technology and begun making these leather jackets. This is actually posing a big competition challenge because it has availed more of the products to the market. New technologies are imperative in a product introduction (Hess, 2016). Even though competition has been a main challenge; dv8 still enjoys the advantages of pioneering the vests and being the initial launchers in the world market. Their competitive advantage is that they are actually the pioneers of the leather vests. This renders their products original and thus there is trust from the customers and hence they are able to make more sales as compared to their competitors. As mentioned earlier, dv8 specializes in custom made leather and the business is run from their residence in order to keep our costs lower. Their showroom workshop is located in Matcham road Buxton 5 mins south of Thirlmere Steam train museum, approximately 20 mins north of Mitta gong and their products are sold online from dv8leather.com.au by themselves at trade events and at selected reputable retail outlets around Australia. In 2010 DV8 Leather was formed and it is an Australian owned family operated, manufacturer, wholesalers, importers and retailers, a custom made service is offered on selected lines. To their registered customers they offer a 12-month stitching hardware guarantee on all their DV8 leather branded items. Bike Road shows and the alternative shows are their specialty; they enjoy meeting their customers face to face and discussing their requirements, (Bacherer, 2016). This is the most appropriate organization of this company. It leads to minimization of costs and maximization of profits at the same time. I therefore recommend this organization. The competitive advantage of dv8 organ gram is that they incur less cost because they run their business from home and therefore dont have to pay rents. Another advantage is that they have quick decision making and also spent less on the payment of human resources hence can sell their commodities at cheaper price and still make profits unlike their competitors who have to incur more costs on human and physical resources The strengths of dv8 leather Vests Company arise from its originality. It has been found that this company was the first to come up with this idea of leather vests. This has rendered its product original enjoying the fruits of innovation (Rubera, 2016). Another advantage is low cost of operations and successful advertisements fetching a wider market. The weakness of dv8 leather Vests Company is the inability to penetrate many outside countries. Even though it is an export company, it has not been able to highly penetrate to most countries. This has implications that it is still in growth. Another weakness is that it has not yet grown into a fully public company and hence it is not in a position to enjoy the economies of such growth. Conclusion Conclusively, entering a new market must be accompanied by a serious advertisement. It is usually important, however, to invent a new idea to enjoy the advantages of originality. Even though there is usually a stiff competition from the pre-established companies offering the alternative of the product; a new opportunity thrives well after promotion and continuous production of quality services. Dv8 company launched leather vests and is doing well both in the national and international market due to promotions and quality service provision. References Abolhasani, M. . (2017). Investigating the influence of musical congruity in higher education advertising. In Advances in Advertising Research VIII, pp. 183-196. Apansovich, N. H. (2016). The impact of business innovation modes on SME innovation performance in post-Soviet transition economies. The case of Belarus, pp. 57, 30-40. Bacherer, R. C. (2016). The role of entrepreneural Marketing i improving market share for small business facing external environmental or resource challenges. Journal of small business and entrepreneurship, pp. 117-119. Bello, D. R. (2016). Performance of professional service firms from emerging markets. rRole of innovative services and firm capabilities, pp. 413-424. Chilopora, G. K. (2016). Human Resource for health. Postoperative outcomeof caeserian sections and other major emergency obsteric surgery by clinical officers and medical officers, pp. 94-98. Ghezzi, A. C. (2015). Strategy and business model design in dynmic telecommunications industries. Technological forecasting social Change, pp. 90, 346-354. Gorostidi-Martinez, H. e. (2017). Strategies to avoid liability of forgiviness when entering a new market. Journal of advances in management research, pp. 46-68. Herrera, M. E. (2016). Innovation for impact. Journal of business research, pp. 1725-1730. Hollender, l. Z. (2017). SME market entry mode choice and foreign venture performance. International Business Review, pp. 250-263. Lofsten, H. (2016). New technology-based firms and their survival. Local Economy, pp. 393-409. Moreno-Moya, M. .-A. (2016). The differential effect of development speed and launching speed on new product performance. Journal of small Business, pp. 750-770. Prajogo, D. I. (2016). The strategic fit between innovation strategies and business environment in delivering business performance. International Journal of production Economics, pp. 171, 241-249. Raviv, A. H. (2017). A new product introduction. Kellog school of Management cases, pp. 1-11. Rubera, G. C. (2016). Open innovation, product portfolio innovativeness and firm performance. Journal of the Academy of maeketing science, pp. 166-184. Weerawardena, J. M. (2017). Capabilities development and deployment activities in born global B-to-B firms for early entry into international markets. Industrial Marketing Management, pp. 479-501. Wright, M. . (2013). Entrepreneurshipand growth. International small business journal, pp. 3-22.

Fourth Generation Networks Essay Example

Fourth Generation Networks Essay Example Fourth Generation Networks Essay Fourth Generation Networks Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: : Fourth Generation Networks The evolution of the cellular networks has undergone rapid changes because of the advancements in information technology that people never thought were possible. Over the past two decades, there have been technological advancements at unimaginable paces due to the growth in ideas and globalization. People from all over the world have been involved in growth of technology by competing with others to develop identical products that have seen favor in the eyes of the consumers and public. New products such as the touch screen mobile phones that were not in existence over the past decade are now en vogue with almost every individual in countries around the world owning one or planning to buy one creating a huge demand for such gadgets (Adibi et al, 34). More mobile phones are being developed with enhanced speeds that can be able to stream videos at unimaginable speeds. This can be attributed to the development of new bandwidths such as the Third generation networks (3G) and the Fourth Generation (4G). The evolution of the 3G networks into the 4G network can be attributed to the advancements in technology that have aided in the development of new networks. As an individual, the use of electronic gadgets that rely on new generation networks for transmission of information such as mobile phones, laptops, personal computers, tablets and android mobile phones, has been fun and exhilarating. On is able to stream videos form the internet in an instant. In addition, you are able to send videos and other multimedia messages at fast and unimaginable speeds that have never been experienced before. The fourth generation is exceptional as it provides the mobile users with exceptional and fast internet speeds. Business as well have been able to take advantage of the use of the new generation of networks that allows them to coordinate plans and strategies that are vital for the success of the business between different branches of a business some of which are thousands of miles apart. The new networks developed have enabled video conferencing by companies. This has the benefit of reducing costs such as traveling and other expenses that would have been used in traveling from one location to another for meetings. The use of teleconferencing enables people to communicate on a live basis while viewing each other on a screen maybe thousands of miles apart. The fourth generation networks have opened up new businesses that were not in existence. Technological advancements have enabled development of new products that only use the fourth generation networks. Gadgets such as the screen sensitive phones and tablets have become a common scene in the public domain because of their high demand due to their high speeds and numerous entertainment capabilities (Makaya Pierre, 22). Increased demand in products that use fourth generation networks has resulted in increased job opportunities. Development of new networks might eventually lead to new technologies that are superior to the existent fourth generation networks. Moreover the fourth generation networks has been a source of revenue to governments due to increased usage of data and revenues for companies dealing in the business of selling data (Hey, Tansley Tolle, 18). Thus with such revenues accrued to governments they are able to initiate development projects and further the growth of the networks into remote areas. Fourth generation networks have led to globalization of the world such that it is relatively easy to coordinate business and communicate with people around the world. Businesses have grown because of globalization such that it is relatively easy to coordinate and delegate duties within a global organization with presence in different parts of the world. Work cited Adibi, Sasan, Mobasher, Amin Tom Tofigh. Fourth-generation Wireless Networks: Applications and Innovations. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2010. Print. Hey, Anthony J. G, Tansley, Stewart Tolle, Kristin M. The Fourth Paradigm: Data-intensive Scientific Discovery. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Research, 2009. Print. Makaya, Christian Pierre, Samuel. Emerging Wireless Networks: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012. Print.

Amber Frey, Ex-Mistress of Murderer Scott Peterson

Amber Frey, Ex-Mistress of Murderer Scott Peterson Amber Dawn Frey was the mistress of convicted murderer Scott Peterson. Peterson was found guilty of killing his wife, Laci, and his unborn child in 2002. Freys six-week affair with Peterson was in the spotlight during the 2004 criminal trial. She was a key witness in his prosecution. Peterson is currently sentenced to death by lethal injection residing  on Death Row in San Quentin State Prison. The following accounts of Freys short-term relationship with Peterson come directly from Frey as she recounts the brief courtship and events leading up to Laci Petersons disappearance on the  Oprah Winfrey Show. Other details of Freys life have been disclosed mostly by family, friends, and opportunists.   Early Life of Frey Frey was born in Los Angeles, California, on February 10, 1975, to Ron and Brenda Frey, who divorced when she was five years old.  She graduated from Clovis High School in 1993 and attended Fresno City College where she achieved an associates degree in child development. She pursued additional training in massage therapy from Golden State College in Fresno, California. Frey and Peterson Get Connected Peterson and Frey were connected through Freys best friend, Shawn Sibley. Sibley had met Peterson at a business conference in Anaheim, California, in October 2002. Sibley says that Peterson told her he was single and wanted to meet an intelligent woman to have a long-term relationship with. Sibley told Frey about Peterson. Frey agreed to get connected over the phone. Peterson contacted Frey in early November and they made a date  to meet later in the month. The First Date On November 20, 2002, Frey met Peterson at a bar. There they shared champagne and strawberries then left to have dinner in a private room at a Japanese restaurant. Their conversation flowed easily and Amber felt Scott was easy to be around. After dinner, they went to a karaoke bar, sang, and slow-danced until the bar closed. They returned to Scott Petersons hotel room where they became intimate and ended up spending the night together. Relationship Sparks Amber described Peterson as being very romantic and solicitous towards her and her 20-month-old daughter, Ayianna, by including her child on some of their outings together. With the Thanksgiving holiday approaching, Peterson explained to Amber that he would be on a fishing trip in Alaska. Up to this point, Peterson had not mentioned to Amber that he was married and that his wife was 7-months pregnant. Feelings Deepen The relationship continued to grow between Frey and Peterson. Peterson  made home-cooked meals for Frey and Ayianna. He took Ayianna Christmas tree shopping. The couple shared deep conversations about their lives and feelings.  Peterson bought presents for Frey that demonstrated his sensitivity toward thoughts she had shared with him. Frey recalled one such conversation that was centered on the importance of trust in relationships. During that conversation, Peterson told Frey that he had never been married. Marriage Exposed On December  6, 2002, Freys best friend, Sibley, discovered that Peterson was married and she threatened to expose him to Frey. Peterson explained to Shawn that he had lost his wife and although it was difficult for him to talk about, he would tell Frey. On December 9, he told Frey that he had been married and lost his wife but found it hard to talk about. Frey asked him if he was ready for a relationship with her, and Peterson enthusiastically stated that he was. Relationship Gets More Serious Frey and Peterson attended a formal Christmas party on December 14. Frey introduced Peterson to her friends as her boyfriend. Later that evening they had sex without using birth control. Peterson commented that he didnt want children and regretted not taking precautions. He told Frey that he would willingly raise her daughter as his own, but to prevent the possibility of Frey becoming pregnant, he was considering a vasectomy. Frey found his revelation disturbing since she wanted more of a family someday. Frey Learns of Petersons Deception Peterson told Frey he would be in Paris for New Years. He called her often during his travels. On December 29, Richard Byrd, a friend of Freys and also a Fresno homicide detective, informed Frey that Peterson was married and his pregnant wife was missing. Once informed of Petersons deception, Frey contacted the police and agreed to assist with the investigation by taping future phone conversations from Peterson. Petersons calls to Frey were sporadic over the holiday. One notable conversation occurred on December  31, when Peterson told Frey that he was in Paris at a bar with friends and described the awesome firework display at the  Eiffel Tower. Frey Maintains Contact With Peterson Meanwhile, Scott had reported  Laci missing at 6 p.m. on December  24, 2002, after he returned home from a fishing trip at the Berkeley Marina. On January 6, Peterson admitted to Frey about his marriage and his wifes disappearance. He talked about the investigation and his innocence in murdering his wife. The following month, on February 19, Frey told Peterson they should stop talking until things were resolved with the murder of his wife. Peterson agreed. On April 18, 2003, Peterson was arrested and  charged with two  felony  counts of murder with premeditation and special circumstances: the  first-degree murder  of Laci, and the  second-degree murder  of his unborn child. He pled not guilty. Media Catches on to Frey-Peterson Affair In May 2003, Frey hired celebrity lawyer, Gloria Allred, to help with the hounding news media. Rumors and speculations about Frey were running wild even though she was tight-lipped and in seclusion. David Hans Schmidt, a promoter, surfaced with a paid-subscription website of nude pictures of Frey taken at the Clovis modeling agency in 1999. Frey filed suit against him, stating that she never signed an agreement to give up her rights to the photographs. Eventually, Schmidt was barred from commercially exploiting photos of Frey. In August 2004, Frey testified at Petersons  trial. The intimate details of their six-week relationship were revealed by her and the contents of the taped conversations were made public. Frey Post-Script After her relationship with Peterson, Frey began dating long-time friend Dr. David Markovich in early 2003, a Fresno chiropractor, with whom she had a child, Justin Dean.   In 2006, Frey married Robert Hernandez, a member of law enforcement, in Fresno, California. The couple divorced in 2008. She works as a massage therapist and is a writer known for  Amber Frey: Witness for the Prosecution  published in 2005,  The Murder of Laci Peterson  in 2017. Source:Crier, Catherine.  A Deadly Game: The Untold Story of the Scott Peterson Investigation. ReganBooks, 2005. â€Å"Amber Frey Speaks.†Ã‚  Scott Petersons Mistress: Amber Frey Reveals Her Story To Oprah  , 5 Jan. 2005, www.oprah.com/relationships/amber-frey-speaks_1/all.

Financial Performance Comparison Research Proposal

Financial Performance Comparison - Research Proposal Example It should be noted that both of these business organizations are important players in the global pharmaceutical industry. Astrazeneca is involved in the "discovery, development, manufacture, and marketing of prescription pharmaceuticals primarily for the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neuroscience, oncology, respiratory and inflammation, and infection areas in the healthcare sector worldwide" (Astrazeneca Plc Profile 2006). GSK is the major competitor of Astrazeneca as the former engages in the "creation, discovery, development, manufacture, and marketing of pharmaceutical and consumer health related products worldwide" (GlaxoSmithKline Plc Profile 2006). In comparing the profitability of investing in these pharmaceutical companies, financial ratio analysis will be conducted. Financial ratio analysis is a very essential tool in assessing the financial health of a business entity. It enables a financial analyst to spot trends in a business and to compare it with the performance of similar business enterprises within the same industry. This tool is currently utilized by business managers, investors, creditors, suppliers, and other decision makers in order to determine the financial performance and well being of a business organisation. Financial ratios are grouped into five categories, each showing a different aspect of a company's financial operations. These are profitability ratios, financial leverage ratios, liquidity/solvency ratios, efficiency ratios, and investor ratios. 2.1. Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure the ability of the company to generate income from its investments less the costs incurred (Fraser & Ormiston 2004). Return on capital employed is a variant of return on investment. Return on capital employed (ROCE) is a measure how well the company is utilizing its capital. The computed sales profit margin, which is the ratio of operating income to sales measures as a percentage of sales, the excess revenue from sales over cost of normal operation excluding financing. Asset turnover measures the amount of sales generated by every pound in the company's assets. Net profit margin, on the other hand, is the ratio of net income to sales showing the company's ability to efficiently manage cost and turn its revenue into profits (Fraser and Ormiston 2006). Logically, higher performance ratios indicate a healthier financial condition. Table 1. At first look, it becomes apparent that GSK is more profitable than Astrazeneca. GSK reports higher return on capital employed, gross profit margin, and net profit margin from 2003-2005. Astrazeneca only manages to overtake GSK in asset turnover ratio during 2005, implying that the former is more efficient in utilizing its resources to generate revenue. Looking at the ratios more closely, it can also be deduced that even though GSK shows higher profitability than Astrazeneca, this ability to make profits has been significantly declining over the years. From the ROCE of 78.28% in 2003, GSK's performance has slumped attaining an ROCE of 38.06 last year. Gross profit margin and asset turnover have also dropped from 78.28% and 2.48 times to 76

Functions of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Functions of Management - Essay Example When talking about Food and Beverage Businesses, planning is important because it helps in forecasting where the company wants to be in a few years and on the basis of that what goals need to be set and what action needs to be taken. Planning will not be from one perspective, but it will take into account the whole organization, make sure that your inventory level is sufficient, that the employees know what the goals and missions are and are working towards them. Organizing structures the work of the organization, it helps in achieving the objectives mentioned during the planning stage of the organization. In this function, the focus is on division of labor, coordination, flow of information and control of tasks. Authority and responsibility is distributed among the employees. The first thing that helps is the organizational structure, in the food and beverage business it will enable the employees to know who is reporting to whom, where the information is coming from and who it is going to. The next important thing is the division of labor, who is performing what task and who is responsible for what. For example somebody is responsible for cooking the food, while somebody else is responsible for getting the ingredients. The waiter will deliver the food, while the chef will only cook it and he might come up with new recipes as well. There is one very important thing to note here, a leader ... Being a good leader is the ability to influence other people's decision and actions. A leader needs to motivate the employees and direct them towards achieving the goals and their duties and responsibilities. Most of the leadership characteristics exist in one's personality. Leaders communicate and interact with their workforce on a daily basis. In the food and beverage industry, especially for a restaurant it is very important that the managers are good leader because at dinner and lunch time, the chef has to lead his assistants so that they cook the food according to his standards. At rush hours, there is time constraint and a lot of pressure of the chef and the assistants. Having good leadership makes the job easier as they know they have someone on their side helping them out. Controlling This is the last of the four functions; through this the manager can enable that the plans are being implemented properly and that the employees are working towards achieving the goals of the organization. Controlling completes the circle of management. There are many ways of controlling employees; there are performance standards which are measured against the employee's performance. Evaluation forms are filled out periodically to gain insight on the performance of all employees. If the performance criteria are being met very easily then managers set higher standards. In a restaurant you might have seen how the chef keeps an eye on what is being made and sent out of the kitchen. This is a way of keeping a check and balance. Another way can be form the number of revisits you get from a customer. If the service is nice and the food is good, the people will come again. Performance can be measured this way as well, while they

Climate Change Problems For The Fiji Islands

Climate Change Problems For The Fiji Islands This paper explores the risks that climate change poses to the tourism development in Fiji islands. It shows the adverse effects of the changing climate and the dangers pose by the tourism activities and also pose a major hazard for the local people in the region. It also deals with the dangerous carbon emissions and CO2 effect on the landscape, food, water, energy. Key words: pacific, climate change, carbon and CO2 emissions. Introduction The pacific is the world`s largest ocean with a surface area of 175 million sq km and constitutes for 40% of the planet`s waters. Located in the tropical latitudes, it covers more than half the globe`s circumference. Temperature of the surface water in the western tropical regions is always more than 28 ÃÅ'Ã…  C over a depth of several hundred meters. This makes up the world`s storage of thermal energy for exchange with atmosphere. Here the interaction between atmosphere and ocean is most extreme and influences the climate not only regionally but planet-wide. The nations of the pacific are obscured human settlements absorbed in this vast fluid universe. The ocean is the most important factor controlling the environment and life. Hence any change in oceanic conditions and climatic changes are important for environment and life (Philander, 1990). The mean climate of a region is defined by the average conditions observed over 3 decades or more, considering all characteristics that makes weather felt by everyone and predicted by meteorologists. The main characteristics are temperature, wind conditions, atmospheric pressure, cloud cover and rainfall. The south pacific is bounded by an area of low pressure near the equator and high pressure around 30 S parallel. North-south pressure creates the regular winds in these two areas known as the south-east trades (Philander, 1990). Any change in earth`s climate has an impact on mankind, biodiversity, health and services provided by ecosystems worldwide. For adapting to such climate changes it is necessary to understand variation of climate, why and how the climate changes, and how it impacts the earth`s ecosystems. Climate mode is an important way of understanding climate variability, changes and impacts. Earth`s climate is changing and such changes tend to take place with different patterns which may be characterised by one or many modes of the climate systems (Philander, 1990). Fiji is the largest tourism destination in the south pacific but international arrivals are unstable over the last 5 years because of harmful events like political coup in Fiji in 2000, terrorist attacks in United States on 11th September 2001, the Bali attack in 2002, and severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Asia in 2003. Tourism is endangered to natural hazards and disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, flood, droughts, and cyclones. Climate change is an important characteristic in disaster management as it is likely to affect Fiji through sea level rise and storm surge, changing temperature and extreme weather events (Wilbanks, 2003). About 400,000 tourist visited Fiji in 2002 with an average length of stay of 8 days. While most visitors come for rest and relaxation linked to beach environments, current marketing campaigns aim to shift the image from pure beach promotion to a wider experience (Ministry of tourism-Fiji, 2003). The main aim of this journal paper is to analyse effects of climate change in Fiji islands and adapting and minimizing climate change by the tourist resorts. The reason for behind this is that surveys and interviews were undertaken resulting in many operators already prepared for climate related changes and adapt to potential impacts resulting in climate change. Method Tourism in Fiji is largely based on resorts therefore accommodation sector is prominent tourism sub-sector. Tourists spend most of their time at the resorts. For the above reasons it was appropriate to focus on this analysis of accommodation. Effects of climate change on tourism in Fiji Tourism operators are familiar with ecological factors like strong reefs and plain water crucial for tourism in Fiji. Operators were conscious of the climate change associated impacts like cyclones, the thrashing of coral reefs and flooding. Polluted water was related to mounting water temperature and climate change. Increasing sea levels were mentioned by three businesses, two of which lie in low lying Mamanuca Islands. Generally accommodation business had experienced at least one of the climate related impact. The most common impacts were erosion, water availability, and interruption of electricity. Many resorts were affected by cyclones resulting in coral bleaching and property harm (Short, 2004). Climate related impacts previously experienced Frequency out of 25 Comments by respondents Shore line/beach erosion 9 Banks on edge property/beach give way Reduced water availability 9 In recent droughts Interrupted supply chain 8 Power cuts Coral bleaching 8 Noticed by tourists, snorkelling affected Damage to property 5 From sea surge Sea level rise 3 Storm frequency and intensity 3 Maintenance of gardens (Short, 2004). Eight businesses said that they were not affected by any of the factors listed. There are five areas located in the Mamanuca Islands, which are relatively exposed to climate change due to the risk of cyclones, sea level rise, poor water quality, disappearing corals, and inadequate water availability. There is need of understanding of climate change problems and the managers do not share the problems faced by climate change (Short, 2004). Tourist accommodation uses large variety of energy resources with electrical energy created from hydropower or diesel generator being most important for energy use. Petrol and diesel is use for business vehicles and other purposes. Also liquefied petroleum gas is used by most businesses mostly for cooking, hot water and in laundry. Energy utilization and greenhouse gas emissions differ broadly for diverse businesses. The standard of accommodation and geographical location are the two factors that have major influence on energy consumption and carbon-dioxide emissions (Becken, 2002). Tourist accommodation in the Mamanuca Islands is around 2-3 times as  carbon-intensive as that in  Viti  Levu. The key cause for this is in electricity generation, which is to a great extent less  carbon-intensive in  Viti  Levu. Because of the high quantity of renewable energy sources (hydro and bagasse) compared with diesel production on islands with its natural inadequacy (about 65-70% of e nergy input is lost during the process of generation). Resorts on remote islands run more or less self-sufficiently, and hence have supplementary energy needs (e.g., sewage treatment, freezing rubbish). Transport energy utilization is also high given that not only do tourists have to be transported to and from the resort, but so also do food supplies, energy (diesel and gas), water and other devices required for operating the resort (Becken, 2002). The rough feasible estimate is obtained of energy use and carbon monoxide emissions related with tourism for the Fiji. The total number of visitor nights spent in Fiji was 2,891,295 in 2002 (Department of energy, 2003). 82% of visitor-nights were spent in hotels, 13% in backpacker/budget accommodation, and the remaining nights were being spent in motels, on boats or in other forms of commercial and non-commercial accommodation. Total energy used due to tourist accommodation was calculated at 1,078,373,475 MJ per annum which is equivalent to national energy use of 6.5%. in terms of carbon monoxide the accommodation industry emits 68,219 tonnes per annum.( Department of energy, 2003) Tourism in Fiji is extremely exposed to climate change related hazards such as cyclones, flooding and storms, sea level rise, erosion, transport and communication interruption, and momentarily less water availability. Another most important apprehension for the tourism industry is the deprivation of natural systems, such as coral reefs and forest ecosystems, further exasperated by climate change. Tourism businesses in common are affected in the form of physical damage from a  cyclone  or storm surge, erosion, and coral bleaching. In spite of the high risk linked with tourist facilities built on the waterfront, most new developments spotlight on coastal areas. Mangroves are been cut down in large scale who in turn acts like a protection against climate related changes (Jones, 2003). Tourist accommodation providers adapt to climatic conditions that may affect their business, and in doing so they are also prepared for impacts that may result from a changing climate. Typically, operators focus on relatively concrete and foreseeable high-risk impacts, such as cyclones and storm surges, for example by  cyclone-proofing their structures and erecting seawalls. A number of accommodation providers have insurance cover against cyclones and storm surges. Generally, it seems that the risk of accumulative impacts or more abstract impacts are less recognised and addressed. Pollution control, sewage treatment, and water management are examples of this. The vulnerability to extreme climate-related events can be reduced when climate change adaptation is integrated in the development process from the earliest stages (Jones, 2003). The exact location of the development and design such as building material, orientation, structures and landscaping helps in reducing the vulnerability. There is a opportunity to change tourism development in at destinations less vulnerable to climate change, with current attempts to diversifying Fiji`s tourism product in relation to ecotourism. New and unique tourism products can be developed in Fiji on high land areas using Japanese concept of shakkei (borrowed landscape), where hotel layout, garden landscaping and scenery are mixed together into an overall experience of ecosystem that is different from the typical beachfront (Ayala, 1995). A number of greenhouse gas moderation procedures are in place such as adapting generator sizes, switching off lights, energy efficient light bulbs and solar hot water. There is a huge potential for solar energy and wind-generated power especially on the Coral Coast, the Mamanuca Islands, and Sonasavu, these technologies are taken up slowly, inhibited by lack of knowledge, capital, capacity and government incentives. Often, the energy demand of a single tourist resort is too small to justify investment in a wind turbine. The policy focus and interests of resort operators in Fiji are development-driven, although there is a strong recognition of the concept of sustainable development. Climate change is mainly seen from the perspective of tourisms vulnerability and adaptation. Mitigation seems to be less pressing, although in the medium term increasing greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., as a result of increasing tourist arrivals) could undermine Fijis credibility in international negotiatio ns on climate change. The above order of Government and industry priorities has to be recognised when trying to implement any climate-change-related measures (Ayala, 1995). Climate change can be mixed with sustainable development by identifying key problems and then linking those to climate change. In the case of Fiji tourism these major local problems are land use issues, old stock accommodation, lack of new capital and investment, limited air capacity, dependence on air travel, economic leakage, lack of unique selling point, environment degradation and political instability (Narayan, 2000). Environmental problems like pollution, deforestation and excessive use of resources are to be considered. Potential issues in addition to these problems are more likely to be funded by donor agencies, stakeholders and industry members (Hay et al., 2003). Recognizing co-benefits of climate change policies is as important as its effect, for example, heavy use of air conditioning leads to increase in greenhouse gas emissions or the relocation of sand adds to local environmental impacts. Future work would need to take into account technological and economic aspects, as well as the expected amount of reduced or increased greenhouse gas emissions (Dang et al., 2003). Energy is a major cost driver for the operation of a tourism accommodation business, especially when energy is derived from fossil fuels either for transport or electricity generation. The operation of diesel generators is costly, because of inefficiencies, transportation costs (diesel shipment), maintenance, and salaries for powerhouse staff. Thus, managers have an economic interest in keeping electricity consumption low. The crux with diesel generators, however, is that once a generator is purchased, the optimum range of electricity generation is determined at about 80% of the maximum performance. Mini hydropower schemes are less relevant for coastal resorts, but could be an option for tourism ventures operated in inland communities (referred to as ecotourism operators by the Fiji Ministry of Tourism and Visitor Bureau). The capital costs are very high, however, and consequently the uptake is minimal. The Department of Energy currently assesses potential sites for mini hydropower s chemes, and it is also exploring potential for geothermal electricity generation on Vanua Levu, the second largest island of Fiji. Wind energy is not widely used in Fiji, but the Coral Coast, Mamanuca Islands, and Sonasavu are promising locations for wind-powered generation. Wind energy systems are available at different scales, ranging from small 1-kW ones to 100-700  kW schemes (medium scale), or even larger ones (UNEP, 2003). Tourist resorts would need small- to medium-scale wind systems if they want to meet their whole electricity demand by wind power. Small islands are unlikely to erect wind turbines because of lack of space and noise pollution. Resorts on larger areas are in a better position to pursue wind energy. No renewable energy sources are currently seriously discussed for transport, although one resort looked into wind-driven boats, and there are explorations into replacing fossil fuel with bio-fuel, for example derived from  coconut  (copra) oil (Sopac, 2004). Steps to minimize the effect of climate change in Fiji Reforestation is the most important means of reducing climate change. Trees minimizes vulnerable nature of cyclones, improve microclimate and enhances landscapes which are used in tourism activities. Trees reduce carbon content in the air and are useful in adaptive measures like erosion control and watershed management. Forest protection and plantation should be done under adaption policies. Developing small scale technologies for wind and solar energy on the remote island would help reduce the dependency on imported fossil fuel and economic leakage (Dang et al., 2003). Adaptation Impact on mitigation Impact on environment Tree plantation Reduces net CO2 emissions through carbon sinks Benefits biodiversity, water management, soils Water conservation Reduces energy costs for supplying water Positive in areas where water is limited Renewable natural resources Reduces CO2 emissions Overall, less polluting than fossil fuels Natural building materials Small carbon footprint for locally produced materials Depends on sustainability of plantations Reducing water pollution Increased energy used for sewage treatment Positive for coral reefs and marine life Marine protection Neutral Positive for marine biodiversity Rain water collection Saves transport energy for supplying water Possibly interrupts the natural water cycle Guest education Neutral Increases awareness Setting back structures Neutral Positive when structures built away from beachfront Diversifying markets Positive if markets are eco-efficient Depends on environmental impacts of new markets Weather proofing tourist activities Depends on the type of activities Depends on the type of activities Water desalinisation High energy costs Takes pressure off freshwater resources Increasing beach conditioning Increases CO2 emissions Air pollution in case of diesel generation Beach nourishment Energy use for mining and transportation Disturbs eco systems Reducing beach erosion with sea walls Neutral Disturbs natural currents and cause erosion (Dang et al., 2003). There is no common strategy to address interactions between climate change and tourism in Fiji, nor is there a sector-wide industry association that could promote any climate-change-related initiatives. However, there are isolated examples among industry members that reveal a high understanding and advanced use of technology and management to address climatically unfavourable conditions. Those operators are also best prepared for increased risks resulting from climate change. Also, a number of operators engage in wider environmental management, energy conservation, and therefore climate change mitigation, although the greenhouse gas emission aspect is rarely the reason for the mitigating measures undertaken Overall, there is a need for tourism-specific information on what climate change is, how it will affect tourism, and what operators could do to adapt and mitigate. In the medium term it would also be important to include climate change in the curricula of tertiary education for students in the field of tourism, resource management engineering and architecture. Since the scope and costs for many adaptation and mitigation measures are largely determined by the design of tourist facilities, the incorporation of these aspects into architectural courses is particularly important. Alongside information and education initiatives, the Government could assist businesses in undertaking energy audits, facilitating the implementation of Environmental Management Systems (e.g., Green Globe 21), and providing incentives, for example for the uptake of renewable energy sources. Climate change could form part of a wider risk management plan for tourism. Such an initiative is currently being discussed between the Ministry of Tourism and the Disaster Management Office. A two-level approach could be possible, where guidelines are provided for tourism operators to develop their own risk or disaster management plan at the business level, while Government covers wider issues beyond individual businesses, such as tourism infrastructure and larger evacuation plans. The current attempt by the Fiji Visitor Bureau to diversify the product could be seen as part of national-level risk management, as they attempt to spread risk across different markets (e.g., event tourism, sport tourism, nature tourism) and seasons. Fewer initiatives exist to weather-proof tourism, as suggested for tourism in Phuket, Thailand (Raksakulthai, 2003). Another important step towards implementing a nation-wide risk management strategy for tourism and climate change would be the mapping of all tourism infrastructure, as well as the risk of various hazards in different locations. The Department of Environment in their climate change policy or the Ministry of Tourism in their risk management plan are best advised to pursue measures that offer win-win situations, namely for adaptation, mitigation, wider environmental management and development. Examples of such measures are reforestation, water conservation, and the use of renewable energy sources. It is recommended that the synergies between adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development be explored further and that the effects be quantified where possible; i.e., how much  carbon  can be saved as a result of a particular measure and what costs are involved. This is even more important given the lack of resources in Fiji, which requires maximising benefits from any implemented measure (Dang et al., 2003). Reducing the consumption of hot water for laundry and showers and reducing the water temperature are saving measures. Other energy use reductions measures in accommodation are lighting, including energy efficient light bulbs, sensor lighting in the garden, solar panel lights, and room keys used to operate lights inside the room. Although energy efficient bulbs are good option they are expensive and do not last long because of the fluctuating supply of power from generators. In the smaller islands the energy costs of shipping are higher, so the managers tend to increase the ship load with passengers on board with food, waste or water. One way of saving fuel is to minimize shipping trips. The increase in global mean temperature to 2 degrees above pre-industrial levels is necessary to keep the risk of dangerous climate change at an acceptable level and to limit climate impacts. Temperatures increase certain level of atmospheric concentration. The results indicate that in order to have a good chance of limiting global average temperature in the long run to 2 degrees atmospheric concentration of all greenhouse gases needs to be stabilised. Intergovernmental policy on climate change i.e. IPCC indicates that keeping concentration in the range of 445-490 ppm requires global emissions to peak by 2015, and to fall by between 50-85% by 2050. Current trends would result in much higher concentrations and high risks of catastrophic climate change. The clean development mechanism means to make compliance with easier target commitments , the Kyoto Protocol allows using offset credits from emissions reduction projects in developing countries, under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Governments can propose and implement emissions reductions on a project-by-project basis under CDM. The resulting credits are bought by governments that are under emissions reduction obligations. Large projects categories are renewable energy mainly using hydropower instead of fossil fuels, reduction of methane emissions from landfills and coal mines, emissions from cement production, and destruction of potent industrial gases. There were over three thousand CDM projects underway in may 2008, which, is implemented and approved, would yield expected emissions reductions of 2.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide. The Asian Pacific region accounts for 80 per cent of the CDM credits that expected to be generated. The World Bank cites supply estimates of 1 .4 to 2.2 billion credits by 2012 Conclusions and recommendations Global concern over climate change impacts and risks has increased greatly in recent times, and climate change is recognised not only an environmental challenge but also an economic challenge. The Pacific region is home to the fast growing, large economies in the world and the dominant source of growth in greenhouse gas emissions. To limit and reduce emissions action is required in developing countries. There is large number of opportunities to reduce emissions but most of these are expensive and cannot be implemented unless policy settings change. More ambitious policies will be needed to turn emission trends around in developing and developed countries. The international dynamics are of the mutually reinforcing type: one country`s action depends on other countries doing their bit. The more countries commit to significant policies, the easier it will become to draw others in. In contrast, if some countries refuse to take part in collective action, others will also refuse to do so. A n effective response to global climate change will need to involve bilateral deal or multilateral agreement. Large and medium sized economies will need to be a part of it. For an agreement to succeed, the door must be kept wide open for developing countries to engage fully in policies, with the support of high income countries. Climate change analysts predict that within the coming decades, sea level will rise gradually. So the affecting nation might have begun identifying the effects of climate change on tourism activities and overall people living in that region. Small islands are at risk to adapt to the adverse affects of climate change because of high costs as well as benefits. Not only just people but unique human cultures are also at high risk. Migration is another option for local people but again the cost factor is crucial, as most of these people are illiterate and unemployed. They will have to relocate unwillingly. Survival is the main concern in this case. It is also highly impossible for any recipient nation to grant asylum to an entire country. The larger impact of climate change will challenge the capacity of the country. The secondary impacts will be water scarcity, food security, health services, land scarcity. At some point many land areas will become incapable of sustaining life and people will be forced to migrate.

literature review on service industry Essay

Hospitality Industry relates many sources with customer interactions and relationships. In the oligopoly market, numerous businesses have had entered, failed and exit the competition. In this assignment, literature regarding customer service in hospitality will be reviewed to analyze the relationship with customers. Further, it describes how customer perceptions play a great impact on businesses, which then lead to customer satisfaction and to certain extent, customer loyalty. Moreover, we shall review the relationship between product quality and service performance as tools to build customer relationships. Customer Perceived Value and Service Quality According to Blackwell et al (2001), providing value to customers is one of the most crucial marketing strategies in hospitality industry these days. In the competitive market, companies have to offer customers excellent quality of products and services, which create the value itself. Competitors have to be creative and responsive in regards to customer demands and needs in order to compete and sustain themselves in the competition (Dawkins and Reichheld, 1990). It means that a company that provides product and service quality with high creativity and responsiveness to satisfy customers demands would have higher chance to lead the competition in the market. To illustrate this argument, a family visited a restaurant and decided not revisit again because they had to rush their meals. However, a customer visits the same coffee shop every morning before work during rush hours yet always leaves with a smile on the face to start the day. These two illustrations contrast the situation of delivering and perceiving value. The question would be what went wrong in the restaurant? Woodruff and Gardial (1996) mentioned the difference between customers perceived value and service quality. While in the case above, both the scenario happened during busy hours yet there are two different outcomes. The restaurant only provided what is necessary; product and service, which service quality only focused on. Whereas the coffee shop delivered more than service quality, it offers value for customers to perceive through interaction and connection. Why customer perceived value is important? As mentioned before creating and delivering value to customers is an asset for a company to be utilized as a strategy or even competitive advantage. Creating and delivering the right value to the targeted customers is what boost customers’ perception about the company, which leads to customers relationship and trust with the company.

The Unexplained Puzzle Into Essay Topics Adulthood Revealed

The Unexplained Puzzle Into Essay Topics Adulthood Revealed Early adulthood is a period of amazing adjustment in your life. A lot of the teenagers also tend to get a tall and lanky look. After the youngster is 5 to 12 decades old, it gets more self-sufficient and parenting gets easier. Adolescence is thought of as one of the most critical phases of the human life. Write about the wellness issues American population face today and attempt to persuade the reader free medicine is the ideal way out. At the exact same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of an excellent cause and effect essay topic. On account of the sudden change within the body, there's also a change in the nutritional needs of adolescents. On a general perspective, there are lots of distinguishing aspects which require close attention. Since you may see, there's a multitude of different argumentative paper titles it is possible to utilize. If you're look ing for college essay examples, here's a great one below. If you're authentic, nobody can write the exact essay as you! If you need to compose your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Argumentative writings is a particular kind of a paper. 1 important thing you ought to do when writing your essay is to help it become personal. Writing an excellent essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. Any sphere and degree of complexity is going to be taken care of successfully. The variety of body paragraphs will mostly rely on the period of your paper. It's advisable that you just select the topic that you are able to deal with, for instance, if you're not t sketching the personality characteristics then you need to better not elect for it. 1 important and appropriate subject is technology. The Debate Over Essay Topics Adulthood Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are quite interested in how you'll deal with the subsequent four y ears all on your own. The very first step is where a lot of students become stuck. Explain your commitments, and you'll be the sort of student colleges find immensely attractive. If it's possible to write a really convincing piece on a real-world application utilizing unique facts and research, then your likelihood of receiving admission to a top level university will surely grow! Identifying an issue and proposing one or more solutions ought to be a vital element in your essay. Needless to say, you can pick any topic, nobody could ever know that you're describing experience that you never actually had, but don't forget that it is always simpler to tell the truth than to invent lies. Normally, having three key arguments to show your point is sufficient for a convincing paper. You may find there's a compelling argument for learning another language after all! Colleges are not searching for perfect folks. Students are accustomed to the fact which their professors give them with the assignment's topic. College students are the very first classification. Odds are, all you have to do is relax and locate a topic you're passionate about and, obviously, one that's debatable. The only rule to follow when picking a topic for your college essay is to pick the topic you're eager to write about. Deciding on your topic isn't that easy. When choosing what to write about, be certain that it is something which you recognize about. Moreover, in-text citations will present your awareness of the various papers formats. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you may counter to your own points. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make certain to do your homework on what the present laws about your favorite topic actually say. Otherwise, you have to have a look at a number of the easy compare and contrast essay topics on the many scientific innovations. You should be able to use persuasive language. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Essay Topics Adulthood Remember you can make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. Look at the world today, search via the internet and appear at news articles too there's inspiration everywhere. Preferably, it ought to be something which you're an expert in. Superheroes are more prone to fight each other than they are supposed to fight villains. Writing about nuclear weapons is always an excellent idea.

Blood Bonds, Antigone, and The Eumenides Essay - 878 Words

Blood Bonds, Antigone, and The Eumenides Every human on this earth has a bond to another. These bonds, as well as their significance, differ between people. This paper will focus on the bonds of marriage and blood, and their role in the plays Antigone and The Eumenides. How do they relate to each other? Is one more important than the other? How does the divine and mortal world interpret these? Through a review of the two plays and a comparison of their presentation of the bonds of blood and marriage, this paper will answer these questions. Upon initial examination, the bond of blood seems to be the prevailing one in Antigone, but upon closer examination, it is obvious that the bond of marriage plays a strong role as well.†¦show more content†¦(Sophocles, 506-512) Antigone first expresses her sense of duty to her siblings in lines 81 to 89: Be as you choose to be; but for myself I myself will bury him. It will be good To die, so doing. I shall lie by his side, Loving him as he loved me; I shall be a criminal-but a religious one. This conviction is tested indirectly many times throughout the play, but most strongly in a confrontation with Creon, where she maintains and restates her original beliefs. (Sophocles, 509-515) This is especially noteworthy considering the times in which she lived. Her place is in the household, or oikos, not to look for glory or bravery, or challenge authoritative figures. The lines are not as clearly drawn in The Eumenides. The divine and mortal worlds have different opinions about the sanctity of blood and marriage bonds. The issue here is one of justice, as it is in Antigone, but in a different respect. In addition, a complicated family history leads up to the conflict. During the Trojan War, King Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter. When he returned, his wife, Clytaemestra, in revenge for his crime murdered him. Many years later, their son, Orestes, murdered Clytaemestra (who was not punished) in revenge for his fathers death. (Aeschylus, 454-464) Questions arise, such as: Is the crime of Orestes more severe than that of Clytaemestra? Should Orestes be