Essay on The Luck of Ginger Coffey and The Stone Angel :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

The Luck of Ginger Coffey and The Stone Angel Brian Moore, and Margaret Laurences concern for the plight of the several(prenominal) and their position in bon ton is clearly self-evident in their novels The Luck of Ginger Coffey and The Stone Angel. Finding ones place in society is a major quandary many people face e rattling day. Once people find their place in society they understand who they are, what is expected by them and what their roles are. Once a person has found their place in society they understand their life and which direction it is going. The main characters are portrayed as two different individuals with very different lives who have only one thing in common- their inability to find their proper place in society. Brian Moore, and Margaret Laurences concern for the plight of the individual and their position in society is clearly self-evident in their novels The Luck of Ginger Coffey and The Stone Angel . The main characters Ginger Coffey and Hagar Shipley both st ruggle to drop dead with dignity even though their overwhelming fleece often obscures reality. Throughout the novel it becomes evident that both Ginger Coffey and Hagar Shipleys overwhelming sense of self-exaltation obscures their reality and therefore causing problems for them. Coffey the main character in Brian Moores novel The Luck of Ginger Coffey is portrayed as a comic hit man who has endless limitations that he does not see. Ginger Coffey believes he is his own man, which is why he leaves his homeland Ireland and moves to Canada . Coffey believes Ireland would not allow him to become the person he fantasy he could be, What was his aim in life ? Well...he supposed it was to be his own master, to provide for Vera and Paulie, to...to what ?...To make something of himself, he supposed. (Moore, pg.21) Coffeys values do not await to be unrealistic or selfish in themselves, but because he sets unobtainable and unrealistic goals he encounters numerous failures. Coffey cannot c ontent himself with a simple demarcation and provide for his family in this way he wants to become someon e important, and achieve personal status. Not realizing that these very ideas bind him to a life of repetitive failures. Because of his pride Coffey sees himself not as the middle aged man that he is, but as an attractive young boy out for new adventures.

Antigone--Who is the REAL tragic Hero? Essay -- essays research papers

Who is the Tragic Hero?Many may say that Creon is the tragic hero of Antigone. Creon and Antigones personas are equal-and-opposite throughout this play. The write up belongs to both of them. Creon is the one who makes a mistake his figure is perhaps more tragic. Hes the one that realizes that hes wrong, and he suffers for it. Antigone walks to her death with her eyeball wide open, without shame. Antigone is the true hero of the play because she makes a correct, justifiable decision and dies by it. Creon is wrong. He is forced to live, knowing that three people are fallen because of his ignorance, which many may say is a punishment worse than death. Since Creon is ruined in the end of the play, we might pity him, but admiration ...

Fighting Kerry Keenan :: Film Movies

Fighting Kerry KeenanTheme This film is loosely based on the story of Lola Bardem, who as a student at Sarah Lawrence college was convicted of killing her lover and roommate, Sara rampart with a compound bow. Lola, an All-American archer, and three age cover-model for Sports Illustrated was the defendant in the case brought against her by the victims family. The case, which Im sure we all remember was important for many reasons, not except due to the strange nature of Saras death, but also for the evidence brought against, and in support of Lola, including issues concerning her upbringing in a low-income neighborhood, her sexual orientation, and her gender.Although Lolas case has been closed for close to five years now, the ramifications of the suit are still being felt. Since then, many of the nations colleges and universities bring on cut funding for sports that are considered out-dated and dangerous, although many traditional sports resembling football, ice-hockey, track and field, and sailing still continue to receive a large sum of fundingoften being cited as sports that are associated with the identity of the school, and hence untouchable due to pressure from alums and television networks that broadcast the games nationally. However, and perhaps more importantly, the film provide mainly be concerned with the case itself, and the uproar it caused in the media.Protagonists For our purposes, Lolas name has been changed to Kerry. Although the film is ultimately constructed temporally along the events of Kerrys case, the main protagonist is an 18 year old high school senior named Darby Brennan, who is at the time of the case is being pursued by elite universities to join their basketball team. The news that we as viewers gather about the case is filtered to us with Darbys perspective. Although initially nave with respect to the world of competitive womens sports, Darbys experience watching the case ultimately influences her decision about playing spor ts in college. Other than her testimony, Kerry herself doesnt have much of a main part. Rather, it is the medias portrayal of Kerrys case that occupies much of the narrative, and should lead the viewer to question the portrayal of women in sports. Often scenes in the movie will be filmed to give the viewer the feeling of being the audience of news telecasts. However, in order to emphasize narrative perspective, Darby will often rendering on the information we receive, questioning how her own life could possibly be construed by the media, and her own activities misinterpreted in the interest of television ratings.

Creativity and Machine Design Essay -- Technology Robots Papers

Creativity and Machine Design Robots and machines have become very prevalent within recent stratums. We exercising robots to assemble cars, explore self-destructive areas, and even as servants to clean our houses. In the future, we might even see robots help in delicate complex tasks like performing surgery. Many batch think that the process that goes behind designing a robot is unimaginative, involving a lot of dull equations and assembly lines. In reality, the design process can be very creative.While the process behind designing a machine is creative, it should be noted though that eventually engineers were going to design robots to perform these tasks. da Vinci Da Vinci sketched early ideas for a helicopter in the thirteenth century, which only became a reality in twentieth century. Robotic maids that can clean the house was a futuristic idea that was seen in the 1960s cartoon The Jetsons, but the idea of having a robot vacuum-clean the floor has only became popular in th e last year or so with iRobots Roomba. Once engineers found the way to control their machines through the use of microcontrollers and programming, the cost effectiveness and precision of machines enabled them to be used in a wide variety of tasks. Although the ideas for the next tasks for machines may not be creative, the process that goes into developing that machine is a creative process.One of the most popular vacuum cleaners at this time is iRobots Roomba. The creative engineering behind the Roomba enables the robot to much less expensive when compared to other robotic vacuums of the same size. Most of the other robots use a complex set of sensors and integrated programming to navigate across a floor. The Roomba on the other hand uses a creative and inexpen... ...ecause the ideas of others can genu and interfere with their own ideas, losing a potentially important idea. The first thing to do when attacking a design problem is to get all the requisite information. If this is n ot possible, the creative engineer will perform an experiment to find the necessary information.BibliographyBrooks, Rodney. Artificial life From Robot Dreams to Reality. Nature 406 (2000) 945-947. Retrieved May 10, 2004, from www.nature.comHanson, T. F. technology Creativity. Newhall, CA 1987.Osborn, Alex F. Applied Imagination. New York, NY Charles Scribners Sons, 1957.Sheehan, John C. On Applied Science. The Creative Mind and Method. Austin, TX University of Texas Press, 1960. pp. 95-97.Singer, Irving. Feeling and Imagination The Vibrant Flux of Our Existence. Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 2001.

Cultural References in Ah Mah :: mah

Cultural References in Ah Mah In almost every piece of literature there can be found references to the authors or the narrators culture. Having an understanding of this culture can help one better understand a literary wager. Reading a work that contains references to a culture can also spark interest and inspire the reader to learn more close the culture that is represented in the work. wizard such piece of literature is the poem Ah Mah, written by Shirley Geok-lin Lim. This poem contains many references to Chinese culture that are very interesting and inspire curiosity. By researching the culture of China, one can better understand the references to it in Ah Mah. Then, the poem has more meaning to the reader than if he did not posses any experience about Chinese culture. Ah Mah is a poem about the authors grandmother. The author, Lim, describes her grandmother in detail and explains how her grandfather bought her grandmother. Lim describes her grandmother as a very sharp and thin woman (10-11). She gives the impression that her grandmother had a hard life even though it appears that the family had enough money. The fact that the family is Chinese is also very unmixed due to the many references to Chinese culture that are made as Lim describes aspects of her grandmothers life. The first aspect of the grandmothers life that is a reference to her culture is the mention of silk. In the poem, Lim states that her grandmother tottered / in black silk (7-8). This reference may seem unimportant at first glance. However, if one has knowledge of the country of China, it becomes apparent that silk is important. Silk has been a major resource in China since ancient times. A route called the Silk Road was an important path followed by traders who traded goods with the Chinese for raw silk. Silk has been abundant in China for a long time and it was a more common fabric there before it was popular in other places. Silk fabric was still considered a sign of status in China, but it was more easily found there than in other move of the world (Chinese Culture). Another reference to Silk in the poem that is more indirect is Soochow flower song girl, which is referring to the grandmother (Lim 12). Soochow is a city in China that is also known as Suzhou or Wuxian city.

Why the Death Penalty Should Be Terminated Essay -- The Case Against C

stopping point is a unique punishment in the get together States. In a society that so powerfully affirms the sanctity of life, not surprisingly the common view is that death is the ultimate sanction... There has been no national debate about punishment in planetary or by bondage, comparable to the debate about the punishment of death (Brennan). Indeed, the issue of capital punishment is one that has been widely debated and for which many persuasive arguments of understandably opposing viewpoints are available. The issue at hand is and always has been about whether or not we, as a society, should presume to enforce a punishment that by definition irrevocably extinguishes the existence of another autonomous human being. Is it a responsible and mature decision to implement a penalty of much(prenominal) resounding finality merely because the convicted offender has been found to be guilty beyond a reasonable doubt? It has long been argued that an appropriate term of imprisonment should be the maximum available penalty for a violent offense. This argument has been supported by the fact that our legal system, though highly evolved and altogether expedient, is farthest from infallible, and in recognition of this the penalties imposed under it should be both reversible and humane. The imposition of the penalty of death should no longer be exercised in the United States of America. A socially mature and morally established country should refrain from taking the lives of any of its citizens. The death penalty is indefensible on three hard-hitting and specific grounds pragmatic, legal, and moral. The penalty of death is not economically efficient, and is indeed a drain upon the financial resources of our country. Also, it can be proven that the death ... ...alty-share-lower.html Brennan, William. concur cerebration Furman v. Georgia. No. 69-5003 Supreme Court Of The United States 29 June 1972. Web. 20 May 2015. https//www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/tex t/408/238 Linehan, Elizabeth A. Executing the Innocent. Web. 17 May 2015. https//www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Huma/HumaLine.htm Marshall, Thurgood. Concurring Opinion Furman v. Georgia. No. 69-5003 Supreme Court Of The United States 29 June 1972 Web. 20 May 2015. https//www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/408/238 Prejean, Helen. Dead Man Walking. New York Vintage, 1994. Scheck, Barry, Peter Neufeld, and Jim Dwyer. Actual Innocence. New York Doubleday, 2000. Sherrill, Robert. Death Trip The American Way Of Execution. Nation 8 Jan. 2000. Web. 26 May 2015. http//www.thenation.com/article/death-trip-american-way-execution

Music Censorship

Kevin Ung Professor Vazquez English 101 October 9, 2007 symphony security review I enjoy and love medical specialty genuinely(prenominal) much. I feel that harmony artists should corroborate the right to freely express their work and I feel that I should argue about the ostracizeing attacks on these artists. Im tired of listening to a good song on the radio with rough of the words criminalize. It ruins the song and I c strikein nailt stand it. Some people think that whang is a bad influence and ca economic consumptions the young to behave badly.But I think both this censoring has something to do with racism because it is mostly blackness people singing the songs. The first website list the good side and bad side of rap censorship. I think half(a) of this site is pretty good to use for my paper. The second website has a lot of training for my readers scarcely the author has no definite side on the resign and cant be used to persuade my readers. The last two website s are take upks about censorship and wouldnt be good sources of study for my readers because some of the sources might not be trustable.We must stop the censoring of art and let the artists freely express their symphony because everyone deserves to express him or herself the way they want. Gangsta Rap, censorship of Debatabase Debate Topics and Debate Motions http//www. idebate. org/debatabase/topic_details. php? topicID=263 This website is sponsored by IDEA (International Debate Education Association). It is an independent membership organization. I think this website is appropriate for college level argument investigate essay because it provides information on both sides of an issue.This site contains many debates on almost any issue. It lists the pros and cons on how rap music doesnt actually encourage some listeners to behave in a certain way. Since this website shows both sides of the issue, it can help me or hurt me in convincing my readers. Rap, Rock, and censoring, ht tp//www. cas. sc. edu/socy/ cogency/deflem/zzcens97. htm This pages sponsor is by a man named Mathieu Deflem. The sponsor is appropriate because he is an associate professor of sociology at University of South Carolina.He has done a lot of research on the issue with many sources and seems reliable. Some of the information on this page is helpful for my readers to understand the issue. He draw ups about the history and arguments of censorship of popular music. He writes about the legal principles, the law, and mainly the protection of the First Amendment. This site will just be a good information page on concord the history of the fight on music censorship. Some of the facts are useful for my research but the author doesnt pick one side of the issue. Censorship of rap music essays, http//www. megaessays. com/viewpaper/61066. html This website is an essay database that requires you to buy membership to fully view essays that other students turned in. I couldnt find any information on sponsors. I dont think this site is appropriate for college level argument research essay because you cant trust the information on these essays. This site is mainly for people to buy the essays and then plagiarize the work. Much of the information I can find on this page is an psychiatric hospital to censorship of rap.It starts off talking about how rap music is made by rap artists that grew up with a tough childhood. They work on music and endure successful. They are perfect role models showing everyone that anyone in that kind of situation can be successful. The essay ends there and you have to pay to see the rest. This paper is of no use to my readers and I because I want to use trustable facts from educated people and not just some unknown author. Rap and Censorship, http//www. planetpapers. com/Assets/2502. php This website seems to be another essay paper database.I dont think this site is appropriate for reasons mention above. But this site is a little discontinue beca use I can actually view the whole essay plus the sources the person used. This makes the paper more reliable. This paper mostly shows the beginnings of how rap got started and the troubles of censoring it went through. The gen eontor does seem to be against censorship but this paper is mainly just facts for the reader and not that much persuasive. I would recommend my readers to read this for the freedom issues the write discusses about.ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) would be appropriate for my readers to contact. ACLU is a political organization that is nonprofit and nonpartisan. They have many civil liberties members and supporters. They protect individual rights, your First Amendment rights, your right to mate protection under the law, etc. Censorship goes against your freedom of speech and so they try and protect that from music artists who are having their work censored. The strongest piece of information I have discovered from this aspect of my research came from read ing the paper on the second website.I read about how PMRC (Parents harmony Resource Center) claimed that popular music was prudent for influencing the young like increase of rape, crime, suicide, etc. This organization goes against everything Im fighting for and is the main problem in this issue. I would absolutely not use any of their information for my argument research paper.Works Cited Censorship of Rap Music. MegaEssays. Mega Essays LLC. 8 Oct. 2007 http//www. megaessays. com/viewpaper/61066. htmlDeflem, Mathieu. Rap, Rock And Censorship Popular Culture and the Techologies of Justice. RAP, ROCK AND CENSORSHIP. University of South Carolina 8 Oct. 2007 < http//www. cas. sc. edu/socy/faculty/deflem/zzcens97. htm> Kingdingo5500. Rap and Censorship. PlanetPapers. 8 Oct. 2007 < http//www. planetpapers. com/Assets/2502. php> Ruane, Christopher. Gangsta Rap, Censorship of. Debatabase. Nov. 30, 1999. International Debate Education Association. 8 Oct. 2007 < http//www. id ebate. org/debatabase/topic_details. php? topicID=263>Music CensorshipUnit 3 respective(prenominal) Project By Harold ray of light Robinson III Cause and Effect Essay Music Censorship Abstract This cause and effect essay analyzes the lyrical heart of popular music recordings, cited as censored. Out of 60 articles from the music trade magazines, Billboard and Rolling Stone, 77 instances of censorship were recorded and analyzed. The categories for evaluation were the year of citation, music style, and reason for censorship. Nineteen xc was the year with the highest number of journal articles (21) covering music censorship.Rap (48%) and rock (44. 2%) music accounted for a large portion of the chalk up censored recordings and the majority of recordings were censored because of lyrics seen as explicit, profane, obscene or unprocessed. In addition, five rock recordings were censored because of objectionable artwork on or privileged the covers. Recordings were in addition censore d because of foeman to a view the artist expressed. Two tables depict the years of citation and the reasons for censorship, each according to music styles. (Anthony K. S 1995)Music has historically been, and continues to be, censored in an search to enforce ethical motive. Its not a coincidence that music censorship in America began to accelerate during the fifties, when traditional and worldly-minded values began to unravel. At the time, order, unbending obedience to authority, and conservative values were part of the accepted mindset. (Lambordi, succeeder 1991) With the advent of rock n roll, however, young America began to make relaxed attitudes on issues relating to morality. Technology also played an important part in shaping the moral power struggle in the 1950s. Lambordi, Victor 1991) For example, the 1920s era saw similar complaints against flappers and hunch over musicians however, radio wasnt as dominant at that time. In the 1950s, radio provided access to imperti nently types of music that challenged traditional morality and created the dynamics for music censorship. (Lambordi, Victor 1991) In 1956, Elvis may have been known as the king or rock and roll, but he was very controversial in his performances and mannerisms in the 1950s. Ray Charles would also have a very controversial history when it comes to releasing music. Being one of the first artists to urn gospel music to R&B made him his music censored and many of the southern states back in December of 1954. A lot of the artists of the 1950s coat the way in the offset of music censorship. Moral regimen aim to determine what behavior is acceptable for individuals and for society. Drugs, violence, and specially sex are topics moral authorities attempt to regulate. The end of the 1950s witnessed many members of society, particularly young adults and teens begin expressing new attitudes about these topics Sex and drugs were no longer hidden and secretive acts, but something to be expose d and celebrated.This suspension in outlook began breaking down the traditional moral order in many aspects of society especially music. slipstream may seem a strange factor in music censorship, but it has played a significant role. In particular, the 1950s and early sixties saw a new genre of music rhythm and blues emerge onto the national music landscape. (Nuzum, Eric 1989) R&B music included freely expressed sexual desires, unload drug references, and other features that were not as prevalent in other forms of popular music. R&B was and still is prevail by black musicians and traditionally was enjoyed mainly by black audiences. Nuzum, Eric 1989) When its audience expanded to include mainstream white youths and young adults, this was a problem for many of age(p) whites who considered R&B music as a threat that corrupted young people and promoted immoral behavior. (Nuzum, Eric 1989) This phenomenon prompted moral authorities to take action. In 1955, for example, Houstons Ju venile Delinquency and discourtesy Commission banned more than 30 songs many by black artists. A Chicago radio station promised to censor any controversial music, especially R&B, after receiving letters from angry listeners. Sparrow, Kelly 2009) Racially motivated music censorship is not a practice check to the past. More recent cases feign MTV refusing to air word pictures from many black artists in the infancy of the network. In 1983, during a live interview, David Bowie suddenly asked, wherefore are there practically no black artists on the network? (Why it Took MTV So Long2006) Michael Jacksons Billie Jean from the album Thriller, released in 1983, is credited with cosmos the first black video aired on MTV in heavy rotation. Why it Took MTV So Long 2006) The year with the highest number of cited recordings was 1990, and the majority of these recordings were rock music. In the following years, almost all of the censored recordings were rap music. (Anthony K. S. 1995) The largest number of recordings, mostly rap music, were censored either because they were labeled explicit or because they were profane, obscene, or vulgar in language. (Anthony K. S. 1995) The argument can be made that racial motivations also played a large role in the FBIs 1989 letter to the rap group N. W. A. (Nuzum, Eric 1989) The F. B. I. s end was to notify the rap group that their song F*** Tha Police wasnt appreciated by the government. N. W. A. supporters argue the group was unless expressing the frustrations of inner-city blacks and holding a reflect to their everyday reality. While no legal action took place, the example helps give context to the pressures behind government and music censorship. It is my in the flesh(predicate) believe that music censorship to some may go against their freedom of speech but to me I believe it is necessary for those individual artist who do feel that they have limits and have to be politically correct.A lot of kids look up to those rapper s and rock stars as role models and music censorship helps the artist become that good role model. In conclusion, I believe music censorship is a very important part in our community and should always remain. Music censorship may hold from race, fear, and morality just to name a few sources of censorship. I believe even though music censorship didnt always start off by just means in the past doesnt mean it isnt just in the present. References retrieved from AIU virtual program library * Anthony, K. S. (1995, July 1).Censorship of Popular Music An outline of Lyrical Content. * Inglis, Ian. (2006). The Ed Sullivan Show and the (Censored) Sounds of the Sixties. Vol. 39 Issue 4 * Edward J. Volz, You Cant Play That A Selective Chronology of Banned Music1850-1991, take aim Library Journal 37(July 1990) * Lombardi, Victor. Music and Censorship. Noise Between Stations. 1 Dec. 1991. 22 Sep. 2009 http//www. noisebetweenstations. com/personal/essays/music_censorship. html. * -Nuzum, Eric. A Brief History of Banned Music in the United States by Eric Nuzum. enate Advisory Music Censorship in America. 22 Sep. 1986 www. ericnuzum. com/banned/. * -Sparrow, Kelly. Music censorship (part 1) A brief history. Examiner inwardly Source For Everything Local. 22 Sep. 2009 http//www. examiner. com/x-16046-Lexington-Live-Music-Examinery2009m8d26-Music-censorship-part-1A-brief-history. * -Why It Took MTV So Long To Play Black Music Videos . Find Articles at BNET. 9 Oct. 2006. 22 Sep. 2009 http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_14_110/ai_n16807343/.Music CensorshipUnit 3 Individual Project By Harold Ray Robinson III Cause and Effect Essay Music Censorship Abstract This cause and effect essay analyzes the lyrical content of popular music recordings, cited as censored. Out of 60 articles from the music trade magazines, Billboard and Rolling Stone, 77 instances of censorship were recorded and analyzed. The categories for evaluation were the year of citation, music style, a nd reason for censorship. Nineteen ninety was the year with the highest number of journal articles (21) covering music censorship.Rap (48%) and rock (44. 2%) music accounted for a large portion of the total censored recordings and the majority of recordings were censored because of lyrics seen as explicit, profane, obscene or vulgar. In addition, five rock recordings were censored because of objectionable artwork on or inside the covers. Recordings were also censored because of opposition to a view the artist expressed. Two tables depict the years of citation and the reasons for censorship, each according to music styles. (Anthony K. S 1995)Music has historically been, and continues to be, censored in an attempt to enforce morality. Its not a coincidence that music censorship in America began to accelerate during the 1950s, when traditional and conservative values began to unravel. At the time, order, strict obedience to authority, and conservative values were part of the accepted m indset. (Lambordi, Victor 1991) With the advent of rock n roll, however, young America began to loosen attitudes on issues relating to morality. Technology also played an important part in shaping the moral power struggle in the 1950s. Lambordi, Victor 1991) For example, the 1920s era saw similar complaints against flappers and jazz musicians however, radio wasnt as dominant at that time. In the 1950s, radio provided access to new types of music that challenged traditional morality and created the dynamics for music censorship. (Lambordi, Victor 1991) In 1956, Elvis may have been known as the king or rock and roll, but he was very controversial in his performances and mannerisms in the 1950s. Ray Charles would also have a very controversial history when it comes to releasing music. Being one of the first artists to urn gospel music to R&B made him his music censored and many of the southern states back in December of 1954. A lot of the artists of the 1950s paved the way in the start ing of music censorship. Moral authorities aim to determine what behavior is acceptable for individuals and for society. Drugs, violence, and especially sex are topics moral authorities attempt to regulate. The end of the 1950s witnessed many members of society, particularly young adults and teens begin expressing new attitudes about these topics Sex and drugs were no longer hidden and secretive acts, but something to be exposed and celebrated.This shift in outlook began breaking down the traditional moral order in many aspects of society especially music. Race may seem a strange factor in music censorship, but it has played a significant role. In particular, the 1950s and early 1960s saw a new genre of music rhythm and blues emerge onto the national music landscape. (Nuzum, Eric 1989) R&B music included freely expressed sexual desires, clear drug references, and other features that were not as prevalent in other forms of popular music. R&B was and still isdominated by black musi cians and traditionally was enjoyed mainly by black audiences. Nuzum, Eric 1989) When its audience expanded to include mainstream white youths and young adults, this was a problem for many older whites who considered R&B music as a threat that corrupted young people and promoted immoral behavior. (Nuzum, Eric 1989) This phenomenon prompted moral authorities to take action. In 1955, for example, Houstons Juvenile Delinquency and Crime Commission banned more than 30 songs many by black artists. A Chicago radio station promised to censor any controversial music, especially R&B, after receiving letters from angry listeners. Sparrow, Kelly 2009) Racially motivated music censorship is not a practice limited to the past. More recent cases involve MTV refusing to air videos from many black artists in the infancy of the network. In 1983, during a live interview, David Bowie suddenly asked, Why are there practically no black artists on the network? (Why it Took MTV So Long2006) Michael Jack sons Billie Jean from the album Thriller, released in 1983, is credited with being the first black video aired on MTV in heavy rotation. Why it Took MTV So Long 2006) The year with the highest number of cited recordings was 1990, and the majority of these recordings were rock music. In the following years, almost all of the censored recordings were rap music. (Anthony K. S. 1995) The largest number of recordings, mostly rap music, were censored either because they were labeled explicit or because they were profane, obscene, or vulgar in language. (Anthony K. S. 1995) The argument can be made that racial motivations also played a large role in the FBIs 1989 letter to the rap group N. W. A. (Nuzum, Eric 1989) The F. B. I. s intent was to notify the rap group that their song F*** Tha Police wasnt appreciated by the government. N. W. A. supporters argue the group was only expressing the frustrations of inner-city blacks and holding a mirror to their everyday reality. While no legal acti on took place, the example helps give context to the pressures behind government and music censorship. It is my personal believe that music censorship to some may go against their freedom of speech but to me I believe it is necessary for those individual artist who do feel that they have limits and have to be politically correct.A lot of kids look up to those rappers and rock stars as role models and music censorship helps the artist become that good role model. In conclusion, I believe music censorship is a very important part in our community and should always remain. Music censorship may stem from race, fear, and morality just to name a few sources of censorship. I believe even though music censorship didnt always start off by just means in the past doesnt mean it isnt just in the present. References retrieved from AIU virtual library * Anthony, K. S. (1995, July 1).Censorship of Popular Music An Analysis of Lyrical Content. * Inglis, Ian. (2006). The Ed Sullivan Show and the (Ce nsored) Sounds of the Sixties. Vol. 39 Issue 4 * Edward J. Volz, You Cant Play That A Selective Chronology of Banned Music1850-1991, School Library Journal 37(July 1990) * Lombardi, Victor. Music and Censorship. Noise Between Stations. 1 Dec. 1991. 22 Sep. 2009 http//www. noisebetweenstations. com/personal/essays/music_censorship. html. * -Nuzum, Eric. A Brief History of Banned Music in the United States by Eric Nuzum. Parental Advisory Music Censorship in America. 22 Sep. 1986 www. ericnuzum. com/banned/. * -Sparrow, Kelly. Music censorship (part 1) A brief history. Examiner Inside Source For Everything Local. 22 Sep. 2009 http//www. examiner. com/x-16046-Lexington-Live-Music-Examinery2009m8d26-Music-censorship-part-1A-brief-history. * -Why It Took MTV So Long To Play Black Music Videos . Find Articles at BNET. 9 Oct. 2006. 22 Sep. 2009 http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_14_110/ai_n16807343/.

Healthcare Facilities

Research the websites of two competitors and assess the effectiveness of their online presence. Identify specific areas where those websites are superior to yours whether in form or function. Also identify areas where your own website is superior. In searching the Web for the only two competitors in the community in which our organization serves, it was interesting to learn that uncomplete had a website. When searching for Desoto Healthcare sum total website, web-surfers are led to a blue page that flashes the message This site is currently under construction (desotohealth. com. 2013).This for winnings nursing shoes, located nearest the only Hospital in the community, is a 120-bed center with no apparent online presence. Landmark of Desoto, another competitor, is a 60-bed non-profit nursing home with no online presence nor is there any sign of a website to come. Therefore, when compared to other Skilled Nursing Facilities in the area, it is safe to say that Golden Living plazas website is in fact superior to the competition in both form and function. Research the websites of one supplier and one client. Evaluate the effectiveness of each(prenominal) website as it relates to their association with your organization.Identify specific areas where those websites could better serve your needs. In the Nursing Home sector of Healthcare, galore(postnominal) of the suppliers are also the clients. Sta Home Health and Hospice serves as both a supplier and a client to our organization. Sta-Homes website effectively allows us to refer effectiveness patients to them directly through a link on the site offering us the opportunity to save time from having to make a phone call, leave a message, or provide needed info to someone who may not deliver it to the proper person or location.The website includes a Helpful Resources tab where patients can obtain information on diseases, treatments, tests and procedures, and many other resources. This tab, however, does not offer any information regarding the services offered by my organization. If a Sta Home patient or family were seeking assistance with finding a skilled nursing facility in the area this site would be of no help to them, nor would help my organization with gaining a new referral or potential resident. Identify a journal or publication specific to your industry.Evaluate the overall value that version such a journal brings to your knowledge of your organizations performance. In reading the Long Term Living publication I learned valuable information about the performance of my organization. While reading an article on the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services I discovered clarification on new guidelines to laundry regulations for nursing facilities. These guidelines have not yet been implemented in my facility and also-ran to do so would result in receiving an F tag on the Annual State Survey (Pamela Tabar, 2013).My continued reading introduced me to new products on the merchandise t hat would allow for better monitoring of the residents and patients in our care. With a wristwatch appearance, The Trilock personal locator functions as both a tracking and communications device and offers a perimeter management setting that would alert caregivers when the wearer is near the set area (Tabar, 2013). For my organization, this would serve as another safety measure and allow for added patient/resident security.As I read through this online publication, I found information that is vital to both patient care and overall operations of our organization. Some of this information had not been communicated to our facility and could cause potential service issues or even result in a failing score on CMS review. This gives me insight that there is a possible breakdown in our organizations performance as it relates to communications from the top down. References Desoto Healthcare Center. 2013.Retrieved on February 15, 2013 from http//www. desotohealthcare. com/ Stahome. com Pamel a Tabar. 2013. CMS Cleans Up Guidelines on Laundry and Infection Control. Retrieved on February 15, 2013 from http//www. ltlmagazine. com/news-item/cms-cleans-guidelines-laundry-and-infection-control Pamela Tabar. 2013. GPS wristwatch Locates Wandering Seniors, Contacts Care Team. Retrieved on February 15, 2013 from http//www. ltlmagazine. com/news-item/gps-wristwatch-locates-wandering-seniors

Developmental Process in City Life

The stimulus we were provided with was that of city life. At the beginning of the process we did not have a set group however Conor, Ellen, Sinead and I decided to stay in the group we were in as we all in all felt that we were adequate to march in concert well. To explore the contrastive aspects of city life, we all came up with various ideas which incorporated this stimulus provided for us. The ideas which from each one of us came up with were a legerdemain situation, school life, the capital of the United Kingdom underground, London Snow days of 2009 and everybodys late. The first idea we tried was the London underground.We constitute that this was a theme which worked practically however we did not know how to expand on the idea so therefore decided to leave the idea and explore an other(a)(prenominal). The second idea we tried come on was the semblance idea as we thought that due to the fact we had to include non-naturalistic aspects to our production, that this would be the easiest of the ideas to try this out with. To start with we listed various fairy tales, books, movies and television programmes and their links with contrastive city life aspects at the cartridge clip of their development.We settled on an Alice in Wonderland theme after I t onetime(a) the group closely a situation unmatchable of my cousins in which he was walking down the road once and didnt take heed an open manhole in front of him and end up falling down it and pa habit his leg. We decided to try this situation out along with the Alice in wonderland theme in which a person falls down a manhole into another serviceman and theyd go through with(predicate) a similar situation as Alice in which they encountered various representations of people or objects in their current life.The idea we came up with we all felt that the storyline wouldve worked and couldve do an effective piece. However when it came to trying to piece it together we open up that it was difficult to do so with the lack of people in our group and the limitations of theatre which we were faced with. In the end we found this idea may have been good for a short film but in the world of A Level theatre wouldnt be possible to make. The next idea we tried was London Snow days of 2009. Rather than focusing about people in the snow we foc intentiond on how the snow affected their everyday activities and the help or problems it caused for them.The first idea we tried for this bingle was base upon a hierarchy system, the type of people and where they would fallen within this system. The suits we came up with were a person head of an office firm, a soldier returning from the war in the east, a wife of the solider and then a prostitute. Each one of us spoke about which typesetters caseisation would be a form of adjustment for each actor and then saw which each of us could do with these characters set to us. Each of us were uncomfortable with the characters at first and to over dimin ish this we done a circle of focus in order to get us relaxed and able to settle into the characters.We found that this idea was the close effective and one which we would be able to build upon so therefore settled on this idea. For our research we focused on locating various newspaper articles of people who were trap by the snow in different parts of the country. One particular article we located was one of a business man who had been trapped in his office building for three days before anyone was able to help dig him out of the snow up in Scotland where the snow at the time was a lot worse than that of the snow fall in London.We decided to apply this situation to the office firm worker and then acted this guess out to see how it would work within our production. We found that the situation of the worker being trapped within the complex did not work however we came up with another idea of everyone being in the same setting and the snow fall around them being authentically heavy and therefore the characters would be trapped together in the same room. We in like manner did some research into the soldiers who were returning from Iraq, Afghanistan and the extend to which the wars within each location had on them.To get an idea of what the soldiers wouldve gone through we looked at a charity called Help for Heroes which contained various information about the after effects of war for the soldiers whether it be that of physical injuries or mental transport upon them. This research for Conor, who wanted to frivol the character, helped him a lot when it came to characterisation along with learning how much of a life change the war could be for various soldiers and their families. The next part of research we done was base around prostitution and the situations which derive from the profession.To gain an understanding of prostitution we looked at the different types there were in the country. We found the most common forms of prostitution within the United Kin gdom were lane prostitutes (related to the working classes) and escorts (related to the middle- upper classes). The form we focused on for the character was the street prostitution which, although this form is illegal within the United Kingdom, it is the form which the majority of STI and STD cases within the profession seem to circulate within.We found out from our research that human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS can be said to be found within the street prostitution community within various women due to a some women within this profession not using protection whilst having sex with their clients. We decided to apply our findings to the character to see how the storyline for this particular character would go and how we could work with the situation. Before we placed the play together we thought about the different genres we could use either through out the play or whether a wizard genre for each scene would work.After testing out and placing the scenes together, we found that ha ving a different genre for each scene worked. We had one scene based around a comedic situation, then the other three drama based and I think due to the fact they could be said to be detach from one another made this run work more(prenominal) effectively at the time. However, although the scenes fitted into together well, we found that the play was not easy to work with peculiarly when it came to the winter when various people ended up contracting various illnesses.Due to the slow pacing and lack of progress due to everyone not really being happy with the production, we decided to change the production entirely to a format we were all happy with. We went back to our notes and looked at the various ideas which we had made at the time and decided to go back to the London Underground situation and then incorporated this with the idea of the 7/7 London bombings.To begin our production, Ellen and I looked into various news articles about the London Bombings and the enquiries of the L ondon Bombings that are currently happening within the news. We found accounts of various peoples survivor stories generally from the bombing at Kings Cross underground. The majority of accounts we found tended to be from those who were not in the carriage. However I found a piece by journalist Peter Zimonjic who was in the London bombings.In this article he wrote about what he saw, felt and heard in every detail and using this article we tried to see what we could explore using his descriptions. One particular part of his article that stood out to us was that of a man he encountered who was lying on the floor that seemed to be hurt from the waist down and he turned out to be paralysed from the waist down after the bomb. This person we thought would be a character we could use for someone within the production piece as an effective character.After discussing the possible outcomes we found that compared to the other proposed storylines we decided that Conors storyline would have bee n the most effective out of them all and therefore settled on this character for Conor, which was due to be about a man called Rick White who was an athlete runner going off to meet his girlfriend for an anniversary dinner however he ended up having to do extra training due to being forced by his coach at the net minute.In having the account at hand to use and also the description of the moments made by the man, Conor was able to apply this to his character and he also done research into a gentleman who was an athlete who although he was not involved within the London bombing, his muscles seized up on him and therefore leaving him paralysed and unavailing to compete in any other sports from that moment onwards. This helped him in connecting the emotional aspect of being unable to provide a family and also his career being ruined, this he was able to apply to his monologue and was able to effectively connect to the audience.Another character we found through the articles was a fem ale person who later became known at the 7/7 blogger on a website called blogspot. Her description of the bomb and the impact which it had upon her birth with her fianci afterwards was a moment in which we also incorporated. There is a key moment in which she describes her desperation to be back with him and also the last moments she had with him. We explored this and the possible ways in which we could use this part of her article.We applied this situation to my character. Personally I found that this was extremely helpful in building my character as I was able to connect emotionally and effectively show this portrayal in my performance. The performance space which we were provided with to begin with was small and cramped which made it hard to get an idea of how to position everyone within the production and the distances between each person when piecing a scene together.We also had to share this space with dickens other groups which arose more difficulties with get the timing of various scenes and transitions timed with one another. This also made it difficult for us to vocally develop as we were in a small space in which we did not need to project our voice however when we came to being in the drama studio again, we could see the impact upon which being in a small environment compared to the large drama studio had upon our performances.When we began our production our pacing and attendance levels were really high especially when compared to the other groups however when it came to December time, various people within our group started contracting illnesses which were spreading throughout the college and Sinead in our group who has sickle cell disease ended up having more attacks than she due to the winter weather triggering the attacks.Whilst we had various people off ill during the time of October-December we found it was difficult trying to run different scenes with the absence of different people as they had a key part within the scene whether it was f or transition reasons or being an object within a scene.For example in a scene we called The Melissa Harvey scene the absence of either Sinead or Ellen acting as a phone within the scene affected the non-naturalism within the scene greatly as whilst one person was saying Ms Harvey calling the other person was saying calling reception, just case we had absences on the day of the performance we decided to change our play and format to a way where we could still run it with the absence of people. Although we had just over a month, we worked quickly and used extra time after college hours to get the scenes placed together and the transitions to run smoothly.Overall with changing the storyline and the format of our production we were more comfortable with our London bombing storyline. For our production we kept to a simple layout of five chairs on stage and a wheelchair in order to give more focus on the performances and we also found it an easier layout to handle with just the four of u s within the group. We also decided upon each person wearing wispy top along with either jeans or leggings of a dark colour which also added to a simplistic theme on stage.The influence behind our stage could be said to have derived from our exploration of Steven Berkoffs Metamorphosis in which we used very limited staging props and also tried to focus on our facial and body expressions, such as the moment we were doing scene 10 especially in the tube scene when we were doing the somethings not right member in which we also incorporated influences from Frantic Assembly who are a theatre company that combine the essence of movement, design, music and text together within a production.This segment of the scene had a musical essence in which we made our text, somethings not right, sound as if it were the train tracks of the tube. We all agreed that we wanted to aim our play at an audience who knew about the 7/7 bombings when it happened and also those who were affected y it.So this caused our audience to an age group of 14 age old and over, as from our research of those who were affected at the times of the bombing whether they were involved within it or whos parents wouldve been caught in the bombing attacks appeared to be around the age of 10-12 years old and are able to emotionally attach to the situation whereas those who were younger dont seem to have a clear memory of the bombing. For our production we knew we wanted to use a soundtrack, lighting and forms of special effects which could relate back to our production.In order to get an idea of what forms of sounds we wanted to incorporate together we all looked at various films and productions we were able to look at through the use of youtube. One film in particular we found helped with giving us an idea of the types of sounds we could use was the 9/11 film. We listened to the forms of sounds which they bound together especially at the moment of impact between the buildings and the plans.Conor and I dec ided to work on the sounds together as well as the music tracks whilst Ellen and Sinead worked on the lighting effects and also the cues for either the lighting or the sounds along with working out the seconds between each scene and special effect. Conor and I used a library of sounds which Conor had already from his media studies work, we settled upon placing a bombing noise, shattering glass and also a scream of train tracks together and we felt that this along with our performances helped to create the tube atmosphere at the time of the crash.We gave both Sinead and Ellen the sounds to listen to so we could get their feedback upon the combinations. We also found a song called London Bombs by Eskimo Joe which we felt went the emotion of our production. For the lighting it was decided to keep it simple and high key for the majority of the performances until certain moments mainly so the audience could still see the performances along with past practicals when weve witnessed how di fficult it is for the performers to effectively perform within darker lighting.

My Aquarium

The place I decided to do my paper on is located in the living room of my familys house. It is a peerless hundred gallon aquarium. The reason I chose this as the topic of my paper is that all kingdoms are present except for Plantae in it and it is its own ecosystem. before I go in detail about the organisms in the aquarium, I would like to mention the accessories that make this aquarium a stable environment and let in the organisms to grow happily. The temperature needs to mimic natural take downs that are often found in tropical regions. The store needs to be 78 degrees F. In the summertime water is pumped through a chiller that lowers the temperture to exactly what it needs to be and there is also a conventional aquarium heater to urge forward tempature during colder times. Natural reefs also need lots of sunniness. This is mimicked by two large 250 watt metal halide and 4 (3 foot) vho lights. These high intensity lights produce tremendous increases in the temperture of the t ank which is countered by the chiller. Natural seawater has constant currents which are mimicked by three submersible power heads that keep everything moving.Next, is the water. This needs to be ultra pure, acquit from dissolved solvents. Due to the high temperatures evaporation can cause as much as 2 gallons a day to be replaced. A rescind osmosis water purifier is used to create this ultra pure water. Now that I have explained how the water starts of pure the salinity needs to be constant. 33 separate per thousand is recommended for reef aquariums. Calcium, amino acids, phytoplankton, and iodine are also added to the aquarium on a daily basis. The water is tested on a periodic basis for ph, alkalinity, and about a dozen different chemicals to be sure the water chemistry is correct.Now we will discuss the first part of the reef aquarium, which is the sand and live rock. The sand needs to be live sand, meaning it contains all the necessary bacteria that will be needed in this in substantial environment. The same is true for the live rock, which needs different bacteria and is the resting place for all of the corals. These organisms belong to the kingdom Monera Protista and are the first organism to be added to the tank.This aquarium also contains organisms of the kingdom Protista. These are present in the green alga that are seen on the glass of aquariums. Also red algae are seen when observing a marine aquarium. These algae bloom when there is excess nitrogen in the water. The red algae are a signal of a tank that is in bad shape. There are also specimens of brown algae in the tank. These free floating algae are a main source of food for certain fish and crustaceans.The majority of the visible organisms in the tank are in the phylum Cnidaria. These include the many types of mushrooms, polyps, anemones, soft and rocky corals. These are what make the reef aquarium look like a reef. These organisms multiply in the tank and need to be fed by the sunlight and also phytoplankton. It is cool to touch these organisms with the net. They all shrivel up and get defensive when disturbed.There are also about 20 snails in the tank belonging to the class Gastropoda. These shells are taken over by hermit crabs which belong to the class Crustacea. Other members of this class include a band reef shrimp and several emerald crabs. There is a huge clam belonging to the class Bivalvia which has pretty turquoise lips. There is even a feather duster worm that just showed up one day.The higher interverts in the tank include two starfish and also a unannealed star. The starfish spend most of their time beneath the sand while the brittle star is very active and visible and will pounce on food shortly after it hits the bottom. Next to the corals the next visible class in the tank would include the class of Osteichthyes. These include tangs, gobies, dottybacks, a pair of clown fish, and several types of damsels.It is amazing to watch all these organisms grow and interact with one another while realizing how exact the conditions need to be to allow them to even survive.

Ethernet LANs Essay

Ethernet local area vanes A collection of devices, including user devices, local area network trade ines, routers, old hubs, and cables, all of which use IEEE Ethernet standards at the personal and information touch floors, so that the devices can s destination Ethernet grades to each other. 802.3 The lift of the original IEEE Ethernet standard, as well as the overall base phone of all IEEE Ethernet LAN working committees. Fast Ethernet The informal name for one particular Ethernet standard, originally defined formally as 802.3u, which was the first Ethernet standard to surpass the original 10-Mbps make haste to run at 100 Mbps. Gigabit Ethernet The informal name for one particular Ethernet standard, defined formally in 802.3z (for fiber) and 802.3ab (for UTP), with a speed of 1 Gbps. Autonegotiation A play defined by the IEEE so that nodes on the same Ethernet link can exchange centres for the purpose of choosing the best speed and duplex option that both nodes support. E thernet remains The bytes of data that flow in anEthernet LAN, which begins with the Ethernet caput, followed by data (which actually holds headers from other layers as well as end-user data) and ends with the Ethernet trailer. Ethernet LANs deliver Ethernet fleshs from one Ethernet device to another. mack extend A data link layer send, 48 bits in length, usually written as 12 hexadecimal digits and used to represent different devices machine-accessible to LANs. mac address table On a LAN switch, a table of MAC addresses and local switch ports that the switch uses when making its decision of where to forrader Ethernet roves that arrive at the switch. Wired LAN A local-area network (LAN) that uses cables/wires the word wired refers to the wires inside UTP cables. Wireless LAN A group of receiving set clients, convinced(p) one or more wireless access points, with the access points all employ a common SSID (wireless LAN name). Star topology A network topology in which links extend outward from a central node, somewhat like rays of light going out from a star/sun. Ethernet form The bytes of data that flow in an Ethernet LAN, which begins with the Ethernet header, followed by data (which actually holds headers from other layers as well as end-user data) and ends with the Ethernet trailer.Ethernet LANs deliverEthernet frames from one Ethernet device to another. 10BASE-T The common name for one of several standards that are part of the IEEE Ethernet 802.3i standard. This standard uses two twisted pairs in a UTP cable, with a bit rate of 10 Mbps. 100BASE-T A limit that refers to all Fast Ethernet standards, including 100BASE-Tx, which refers to the one Fast Ethernet standard that uses two pairs in a UTP cable. 1000BASE-T A particular Ethernet standard shortcut name, also known by the formal standard 802.3ab, which defines 1000-Mbps (1-Gbps) operation, star topology, using four-pair UTP cabling. 10GBASE-T A particular Ethernet standard shortcut name, also known by the formal standard 802.3an, that defines 10-Gbps operation, star topology, using four-pair UTP cabling. Metro Ethernet A type of multiaccess WAN service that uses Ethernet as the physical access link and usually uses an Ethernet switch as the guest site device, with the customer branding Ethernet frames from one customer site to the other.Token Ring An old LAN technology, popularized by IBM and standardized by IEEE as standard 802.5, that competed with Ethernet LANs in the mid-eighties and 1990s. LAN Edge A reference to the part of the campus LAN with the end-user devices and the switches to which they attach, through an Ethernet switch or a wireless LAN access point, that contains the largest number of physical links. Wireless-only LAN edge A campus LAN design term referring to campus LANs with only wireless conjoinions between end-user devices and APs, and no wired Ethernet LAN connections at the edge. Wired/wireless LAN edge A campus LAN design term referring to c ampus LANs, with the edge of the LAN having both wireless connections plus wired Ethernet LAN connections.Shorthand name (IEEE) The term for a type of name for IEEE standards. These names begin with a speed, list BASE- in the middle, and end with a suffix, for example, 10BASE-T. Edge switch In a campus Ethernet LAN design, this term refers to the Ethernet LAN switch to which the end-user devices connect. Duplex A networking link that allows bits to be sent in both directions. Half duplex A networking link that allows bits to be sent in both directions, but only one direction at a time. Full duplex A networking link that allows bits to be sent in both directions and at the same time. Straight-through cable A UTP cabling pinout in which the wire at pin x on one end of the cable connects to pin x on the other end of the cable.Crossover cable A UTP cabling pinout in which the wires in a wire pair connect to different pins on opposite ends so that one nodes send logic connects to the oth er nodes receive logic.In Ethernet, pins 1,2 connect to 3,6, and pins 4,5 connect to 7,8. Ethernet header A data structure that an Ethernet node adds in front of data supplied by the next higher layer to create an Ethernet frame. The header holds these important fields Preamble, SFD, Destination Address, Source Address, and Type. Ethernet trailer A data structure that an Ethernet node adds after the data supplied by the next higher layer to create an Ethernet frame the trailer holds one field, the FCS field. Destination MAC address A field in the Ethernet header that lists the MAC address of the device to which the Ethernet frame should be delivered.Source MAC address A field in the Ethernet header that lists the MAC address of the device that originally sent the Ethernet frame. Media Access dominate The formal IEEE 802.3 Ethernet term for the data link layer, data-link header, and other data-link features, including addresses. Error detection In networking, the process by which a node determines whether a received message was changed by the process of sending the data. Ethernet broadcast A special Ethernet address, FFFF.FFFF.FFFF, used to send frames to all devices in the same Ethernet LAN. AddressFlooding Part of an Ethernet LAN switchs forwarding logic in which the switch forwards a frame out all ports, except the port in which the frame arrived. Forwarding Part of an Ethernet LAN switchs forwarding logic that refers to the choice a switch makes to take a received frame and send it out a single outgoing port, because the frame has a destination MAC address known to the switch (as listed in the switchs MAC address table). Learning Part of an Ethernet switchs logic related to the forwarding process by which the switch learns MAC addresses and their associated port numbers. Unknown unicast frame An Ethernet frame with destination MAC address FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.Broadcast frame From the perspective of a single Ethernet LAN switch, a frame whose destination MAC addr ess is not known to the switch, in that the switchs MAC address table does not list the frames destination MAC address. cognise unicast frame From the perspective of a single Ethernet LAN switch, a frame whose destination MAC address is known to the switch, in that the switchs MAC address table lists the framesdestination MAC address. Universal MAC address A MAC address assigned to an Ethernet device (NIC, switch port, and so on) by the manufacturer, following rules defined by the IEEE, so that the devices world-wide MAC address is unique among all other universal MAC addresses in the universe.

Civil Liberties vs National Security

In U. S. , the bill of rights protects politeian liberties. People in the United States, hold polite rights, which be those privileges, immunities and rights held by exclusively Americans and political rights, which ar the rights that are restricted to those who are entit direct to participate in elections, as candidates or voters. The distinction is important since not all are eligible to vote though they all should enjoy their freedoms. This may no longer be feasible as majority of the civil rights are interpreted to include the political rghts in this age.National trade protection can be defined as a countrys need to maintain its survival by use of goods and services of military, political and economic power for diplomacy. Civil liberty are freedoms and rights exercised by individuals in any country provided by their countrys legislation or inter subject laws, for physical exercise the right to life, freedom of idiom, freedom of expression, the right to privacy, the rig ht to security measures and liberty and many more. National security issues arose after the second world war in the united states of America with initial emphasis on the military.For any country in this day and age, national security encompasses energy security, economic security, environmental security and many more. Security threats range not only from external states but also from illegal drug cartels, multi-national organizations and terrorists groups. The civil liberty concepts are protected at a lower place a countrys constitution, bill of rights. Other legal legislation are also adopted by countrys to uphold this civil liberties by giving effect to international laws passed in conventions such(prenominal) as the International Covenant and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights.The protection of civil rights is deemed as the responsibility of a countrys good deal and government. The extent of some civil liberties, such as reproductive rights, property rights and several others are subject of debate. The debate of whether or not civil liberties should or can be breachd to ensure national security has been subject to never ending debate. The extent to which civil liberties can be altered and, or suspended with respect to the security of a nations interests calls for a reat deal of care in striking the correct balance.Posner (2001) disputes the ideology of civil libertarians that national security leave behind lead to an erosion of civil liberties. He proposes that the basic mistake is the prioritizing of liberty and is both a mistake about history as well as law when it comes to striking the needed balance between civil freedoms and national security. In his view, under law, these civil rights can rarely be altered to fount the time within which they exist to uphold the same rights as before.Cole (2002), in contrast states that the nations response to national security threats has time and again infringed civil rights. The Supre me Court of the United States in tandem acknowledges that, History abundantly documents the tendency of Government, however benevolent and benign its motives -to view with suspicion those who most fierily dispute its policies. that said, this is not a problem that is unique to the United States, but the constitutional structures, political exit and religious structures do not protect the peoples rights.He further promontorys out that our governments subvert the freedoms that constitute the defense in the well being of a nation. Glenn Greenwald talks of the misconception of combating terror in the name of national security while upholding civil liberties. He emphasis that the nitty-gritty of this civil rights has been distorted and often misunderstood due to the description of combating terrorism to preserve national security. The meaning of terrorism has been built on the notion that, if one was not on our side then they were definitely against us.This has grown fear within peo ple that infringe on basic human rights e. g of residence, movement, expression, association and many more. The misinterpretation of upholding national security ends up marginalizing and curtailing the freedoms of some of the patriotic residents who may be baffling directly or indirectly with particular religions and groups seen as potential threats. The F. B. I, has significant legal powers, excellent resources, and a jurisdiction that has overseas coverage.They have in new-fangled years penetrated and prosecuted many organized criminal gangs, uncovered public corruption and successfully caught up with terror attacks. Still the same F. B. I has curtailed the basic freedoms of association, speech e. t. c The say-so while protecting their national security freedoms has infringed the human rights by disrupting and neutralizing composed protests. It has more so focused its resources on neutralizing and curbing political activity other than investigate criminal activities.The force, does not have accountability to the the public while incriminates on the basis of association instead of relying hard facts and secern to get hold of the real criminals. The adoption of legislation such as the Anti-terrorism Act (1996), is a good indicator of past injustices and the unrestricted investigations by the bureau based on political agendas. The Acts deliberate criminalization of dovish activity gave the F. B. I. leverage to involve itself in the religious, ethnic and political grouping involving themselves in peaceful and humanitarian work.Afterwards, it grew to boost politically motivated investigations. The deportation and exclusion of immigrants on the basis of guilt of association completely discredits the protection of the civil rights. Other legislations such as the enactment of the secret license against alleged terrorists infringed on their basic freedoms e. g the right to confront ones accusers. For any society, political freedom is key, thus allowing peacef ul ways to express their dissatisfaction which in turn initiates social change.Civil rights have been infringed since the legal regime established under Presidents Roosevelt, Truman and Eisenhower who facilitated the worst abuses in the FBIs history, and eventually led to reforms. The FBI under new and better legislation undertook an intensive campaign with the aim of capturing suspected Communists,. The committees that were set up drew up lists and constructed links among organizations. They were confronted with incriminating evidence with no room for self defense and compelling testimonies from individuals who lost their jobs if they did not agree to testify, and to some extent were locked up.Posner insists that these freedom should be curtailed up to the point where the benefits exceed the costs of reduced liberty. In all this, legislation ought to be responsible as well as the officials so that they maintain the balance between the civil liberties and national security. History depicts officials generally exaggerate the dangers to the countrys security which is not entirely true.Officials tasked with the responsibility to estimate the occurrences and magnitude of these dangers failed, thus led to the occurrences e. the civil war of lacquer on the U. S that led to the distraction at Pearl Harbor,of Soviet espionage in the 1940s, the September 11 attacks and many more. The Government in times of crisis, will exercise its power to conduct a comprehensive domestic intelligence. The difference between legal dissent and criminal conduct is often forgotten. The work of the church, is to exhort means to make sure that the distinction will always be observed. The unfortunate bit arises when, you incompatible and outdated ways to deal with issues that threaten your national security.Legislations that deem an individual guilty by association of group, color, race, religion should be put aside to ensure that the fundamental rights of each human being are respected and up held. In the ongoing balancing debate between civil liberties and national security is never ending. However, the constitution has an already balanced point between personal freedoms and government power. Hence the curtailing of individual rights is a personal decision or the governments irresponsibility with the power vested in it by the same people it ought to protect.Anti-terrorism can be used as a measure to the extent of infringing right. Despite the intense war to eradicate terrorism everywhere, the terrorist threat in mankind cannot be eliminated. We need to come up with very good responses. However, this should be careful planned out and executed to avoid sacrificing the fundamental principles that constitute our elective identity. Otherwise, it is best is to follow our liberal principles, to use the set criminal laws to punish and prosecute those who plan or carry out violent deeds and encourage critics of our government into the practice of tolerance and democracy .

Psychology Paper on Pain

Pain Veronica Tran establish 1 Psy 1 (48954) Pain Everyone everywhere will experience nuisance whether it is everyday or in one case a week. Paper cuts, pinches, or even simply jamming your fingers between your door, atomic number 18 all awing accidents. Pain is the undesirable feeling the red alert which signals our attention to something unfavorable happening to our bodies. Our bodies put up buoy celebrate bruise by nocioceptors. Nocioceptors ar special nerve receptors designed for stimuli that argon encountered as tender (Benjamin B. Lahey, 2009). on that point are dickens significant pathways these neural dumbfound messages travel to our witticism fast and unwind.The fast and slow pathways are the reason why our bodies endure pain at different times. The first experience would be a noniceable short pain, and realization of whats going on. The second experience is an extended annoying sensation. An example of the pathways combined would be dropping a 15lb weight on your foot. First sensation would promptly give u move that weight off and then stare at your foot. The second would make you land on the floor holding your foot while screaming. We experience these divided ugly sensations for two reasons.Both experiences are on two different paths with two different speeds to our brains. The neurons are thicker, covered in bulb in the fast path making the movement quick. The slow pathway consists of smaller neurons, no myelin, and in result makes the transmission slow. Reason number two, both pathways go through and through different parts in our brains. The fast neural pathway moves through our thalamus and to the mato sensory(a) area. The matosensory area is located in the parietal lobe of the brains cerebral cortex. It receives and translates the sensory information from our skin and body.Which is how we are capable of locating where and what is happening to our bodies. The matosensory area locates the action save is not responsible for o ur emotional reactions to pain. Information moving on the slow pathway travels to the limbic trunk. The limbic system is where we feel the emotional experience to the pain that is happening. The gate-control theory of pain was conducted by Psychologist Ronald Melzack. The theory was that in the brain stem, a matrix of neurons regulates the circulation of impulses from the nocioceptors to the cerebral cortex.Messages from the bodys receptors go to the brain and through the brain stem. The pain gate is the area where the slow pain neural fibers pass. The gates in the brain stem can either be opened or closed. This really means this has part in making us more or less sensitive to the activation of the nocioceptors. When opened the gates can allow more slow-pain neural transmission on to the slow path to the limbic system. Therefore our emotional experience to the pain lasts longer. The gates can also be closed that is less transmission of slow pain impulses, in result less pain.Fast pathway does not travel through the gates, but cannot be blocked. Endorphins signal the gates to close, preventing pain message from reaching the brain. crabmeat can develop pain all on its testify because it is cancer. The main cause of pain in cancer is the growing or destroying tissue near or on the cancer infected area. Cancer pain can come from where the cancer had developed. Or separate areas spread around the body where the cancer had traveled. During the time when the tumor matures, it can begin to hit nerves, bones, or other organs causing physical pain to the patient.Not only can cancer be painful physically to the body, but it can also cause pain chemically. Chemicals they secrete into the region of the tumor can cause pain. Not everyone diagnosed with cancer experiences pain, usually one out of 3 cancer patients going through treatment does (Timothy Moynihan, 2010). Pain concerning cancer always depends on what type of cancer the patient is diagnosed with. Those who h ave go on cancer that is cancer that has spread or reoccurred, unfortunately have a higher chance of experiencing the pain within cancer.Cancer treatments also murder a toll on pain towards the patient. Chemotherapy, radiation, and also surgery are some sources of cancer pain. Cancer surgery usually results in painful long sessions that often take time to recover. Burning sensations and sometimes painful scars are left behind after radial treatments. If undergoing chemotherapy, painful side effects may include mouth sores, diarrhea, and even damaging to the nerves. Diet and nutrition are one of many ways to cope with pain. Medical doctors and physicians have pondered on why people suffer from pain.The solution to their problems is the one answer that have been ignored simple diet and nutrition. Our bodies are capable of heal and repairing itself when given the opportunity to do so (Harvey Diamond, 2005). A struggle for most people in our introduction today is learning how to cop e pain. Such struggle can result in performance at work. Not being able to cope can affect not only your career but also your personal life as in your family and friends. Even those who have long been cured from an nausea still struggle with pain.Physical and psychological treatment can be done to help those in inveterate pain such as heat and ice. This method consists of either using hot towels or crisp packages over the area of pain. Though it does not make the pain magically disappear, it does relieve pain for hours. acupuncture is an ancient eastern form of pain relief some still use today. The needles are guardedly placed into nerve endings releasing endorphins from the nerves. Like acupuncture massage therapy helps enhance blood flow throughout the body.Loosening knots in the muscles that create the body to become tense and are now at ease. There are many ways to cope with pain without the usage of drugs and surgeries.References Benjamin, B. , Lahey, (2009). Sensation and Perception, Psychology an introduction Timothy Moynihan, (2010). Cancer Pain Relief is possible. Retrieved from http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/cancer-pain/CA00021 Harvey Diamond, (2005). Methods of Dealing with pain. Retrieved from http//www. bestsyndication. com/2005/A-H/DIAMOND-Harvey/080905-Pain-free-life. htm

Behavioral Change WIthin an Organization Essay

1.What characterizes a hyperturbulent environment?A hyperturbulent environment is characterized by rapidly changing product lines, an increasing and changing circle of competitors, rapid and continual technological innovation, and rapid market growth.2.On the Adaptive Cultures plat, describe the difference between a satisficing environment and a reactive environment? The difference between satisficing and reactive environments stems from their respective differences pertaining to their environmental constancy and adaptive orientation. A satisficing flair is the result of a stable environment and a high take of adaptive orientation.This style of managing emphasizes a centralized decision-making structure, more directs of management, and coordination by formalized committees. A reactive style is the result of a hyperturbulent environment and a low level of adaptive orientation. Management typically big buckss with problems on a crisis basis. This style implies waiting until serio us problems outho utilise no longer be ignored and consequently correcting them with drastic measures.3.Which is the best situation on the diagram and the worst? The best situation on the diagram is renewing/transformational management. This style is proactive identifying solutions to problems before they occur, and constantly changing d angiotensin converting enzyme innovation to stay in the lead of competitors. Conversely, the worst situation on the diagram is sluggish-thermostat management. This style has a tendency to value tradition, which is a driveway block to transfer, and emphasizes formal control clays, processes, and procedures. As a result, this style tolerate lead to failure through current success (things atomic number 18 working well right now, so why change them).4.Describe unfold System. Give an example.An open system is based on interdependency. It is in constant interaction with its environment influencing and be influenced. Feedback is obtained through out this interaction so that the system can adjust and achieve a constant posit of dynamic equilibrium. An example of an open system is a family. Parents, children, siblings, etc. constantly act and react to one another based upon what each individual member puts forth(work, money, love, daily problems, school, friendship, etc.).5.Describe Socio-technical system. Give an example.A social-technical system views the organization as an open system of coordinated human and technical activities. Under this view, the organizations activities consist of the goals and values, technical, structural, psychosocial, and managerial subsystems. Any changes that occur in any of the organizations process can have effects throughout the organization since all processes are related. An example of this is a bound.If management decides to change the way it take in deposits, this has an effect on the backroom operations of the bank (clearing and settling the deposit transactions), the bank tellers (ho w to take and handle the deposits), customer service (what type of data to relay to the deposit customers), and marketing (the information used for advertising may have changed). This change also effect the lending function (deposits are the source of funding for the banks loans, therefore loan pricing may be effected).6.Give me a situation where you might use a contingency draw near at work? The contingency approach says that there is no one best way to handle all situations that may occur. Rather, a psyche needs to adjust to the situation and handle it based upon the characteristics at hand. A situation where I use the contingency approach is in seting with my coworkers. One collection of people I work with can handle very direct and candid responses to issues and problems therefore I speak with them in this manner. Conversely, another group of individuals is not as susceptible to candor. I must use finesse and a great deal of emotion in relaying solutions to problems they wa nt to solve.7.How are the concepts of future dishonor and hyperturbulent environment similar? The concepts of future shock and a hyperturbulent environment are similar in that both deal with a rapid level of change. As a result, organizations must be more adaptable and flexible than ever before to deal with the ever changing landscapes in which they operate.8.OD focuses on the _________, _______, and ____.____OD focuses on the individual, team, and organizational behavior.Read the article on the Airline Industry (Fear and Loathing)Write two or three paragraphs describing the problem. How could this be fixed?The problem with the airway business industry, based upon the article Fear and Loathing (BusinessWeek, September 10, 2007) is that the overall industry lacks leadership. That is, it appears that no one is in charge. Various members of the entire industry (the airlines, unions, small plane owners, community groups, the government, and the FAA) have only their self-interests at heart. As such, no one is being held accountable for what is needed mostchange. While the airline industry has authentic into its current form, it has not accounted for economic, technological, and environmental changes.The preferred fix for this problema lack of accountability referable to a lack of leadershipwould be for an independent group to take long-term oversight of very much needed changes in the airline industry. This group would act in the best interest of the system (i.e. the airline industry). In addition, this group could provide much needed oversight in changing the overall self-serving mindset of the individual groups. Unfortunately, likely many government (or in this case quasi-government) situations, the adage of if it isnt stone-broke dont fix it is followed. And, like past situations, it typically takes a large-scale catastrophe to advertize change (i.e. sluggish-thermostat management).

Mckinsey Mind Paper

The McKinsey Mind Personal Paper 1 ENTR 668 Philip Thoms 4/13/2012 Executive Overview The summary of The McKinsey Mind Understanding and Implementing the Problem Solving Tools and Management Techniques of the foundations Top Strategic Consulting Firm by Rasiel and Friga does exactly what the title indicates. As stated in the summary it will show one how to 1. Follow McKinseys MECE line of attack 2. Frame line of reasoning problems to make them susceptible to rigorous, fact-based analysis 3. Use that same fact-based analysis, along with gut instinct, to make strategic decisions. 4. acquit meaningful interviews. . Analyze the data to find the So what. 6. Clearly communicate fact-based solutions to decision-makers Key cortical potentials and Implications 1. Insight MECE (Mutually Exclusive, together with Exhaustive) is separating problems into distinct, non-overlapping issues while making sure that no relevant issues draw been overlooked. Implication Recently, there were failure s with the Code sacrilegious squad arriving to one of our clinics, I believe currently the team I am working with to intone up the process is not dividing up the issues distinctively enough and that some relevant issues are universe overlooked. . Insight Issue tree which is a type of logic tree in which each first is an issue or question. Implication While working with our client, I believe we would have been in a better place if we would have written down all the issues and formed them into an issue tree in order to better attack and solve the issues that arose instead of going rouge on each issue. 3. Insight Develop a rapid response culture in that all employees must quickly react to data request from fellow employees and all phone calls are returned within 24 hours (unwritten rule). ImplicationOur consulting espousal has (had) a very tight timeline in that certain(p) aspects emergencyed to be completed in a very short time period. Also, with work if my institution had thi s culture, questions would be able to be answered sooner allowing for more productivity. Recently, I had a simple question that when through 3 departments which took a little under 2 months. Personal Strengths 1. Personable Being personable is a valuable resource which would directly benefit in managing a team and client. People like to work and do business with people they like. . Altruistic A consultant cannot be wholly concerned with their own personal welfare, but it is important that they are smell out for others on their team, their leap out, and the company as a whole (both their firm and the company they are consulting with). 3. not a Cowboy I do not enjoy reinventing the wheel. My opinion is if someone else has an answer for a problem, I do not have to come up with the solution myself. I will try the web or whatever database is available for information on a particular problem.Developmental Opportunities 1. Presenting Your Ideas I need to become more articulate at prese nting my ideas. Practice and preparation are the two primary slipway that will help me to be better in this aspect. I naturally wait till the exit minute to complete tasks that I know must be completed by a certain deadline which inhibits me from practicing the actual presentation part of the task/project. In order to do better, I need to give schedules of when certain aspects of a task need to be completed by and hold myself accountable.I typically have always been able to swing it, but due to this mindset the work that I presented/completed has not been up to the level that I could deliver on. Improving in this area would help me with as an someone with personal projects that I want to complete and it would benefit my organization(work) in my deliverables would be of a higher quality. 2. swallow about absolute precision I am a finance guy a anatomy guy therefore when I think about business I think about the rotter line and typically I am fixated on worse case scenarios base d upon rime only and not the x factor.I need to remember that business is not math or natural philosophy and remember sometimes there is more than just the numbers and if Instagram can sell for a billion dollars, anything can happen. 3. Team Selection I looking at that I am not the greatest at team selection. Perhaps, I typically am but I feel that this time during this class our team did not ever quite mesh. We did good work but I dont feel that we ever great work. Though, it is different in the business world.I definitely think it is something I need to improve on. Final Comments The McKinsey Mind makes it look like if you follow the systems outlined the consulting will go smoothly and it the project will be successful. But from talking to my good friend who is a consultant for Accenture more often than not the customer is very hard to work with. It seems that the bulk of the issue is the customer not comprehend to the consulting firm which is odd since it was the customer who brought in the consultant firm in to begin.

Cost Accounting Essay

Questions arise as to wherefore alphabet carrying out is victorful in certain companies and fails in others. constitute on the contingency theory, look intoers induct coped that the reasons for different degrees of first principle achievement could be due to the different contextual factors faced by separately firm. These have led researchers to recognize assessing factors that influence alphabet achiever death penalty as an important research ara.The following are among the research that have been carried out to examine factors that influence rudiment success Anderson 18 resistance 3 McGowan and Klammer 19 Krumwiede 20 and Anderson and Young 21 This article has two principal(prenominal) objectives the first objective is to identify research gaps based on the revision of precedent research and the second objective is to propose theoretical research fabric for latest research.This article is organized as follows Section II presents a discussion of selected article s related to to factors influencing ABC carrying out and gaps or limitations of previous studies and suggestions for current research are stated in the section III and IV. The modeling for current research is provided in section V, Section VI defines each research variable and the lowest section presents the conclusion. II. PREVIOUS RESEARCH In this section, selected ABC writ of execution empirical 144AbstractIn todays advanced manufacturing and competitive environment, accurate tolling information is crucial for all the kinds of businesses, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as manufacturing firms, merchandizing firms, and service firms. Argued to be superior to the traditional volume-based costing system, Activity-Based Costing system (ABC) has increasingly attracted the trouble of practiti singlers and researchers alike as angiotensin-converting enzyme of the strategic tools to aid theater directors for better decision making.The benefits of ABC system and its impacts on companies surgical operation have motivated numerous empirical studies on ABC system and it is considered as one of the most-researched heed accounting areas in developed countries. Previous research on ABC have examined disposed(p) issues related to ABC execution such as the levels of ABC betrothal in various countries, the reasons for implementing ABC, the enigmas related to ABC and the critical success factors influencing ABC.This paper reviews the research on ABC carried out within the put out decade, from 1995-2008, and from the review research gaps are identified. Specifically, this paper examines the alternative of factors influencing successful ABC implementation, variables used by previous research and the definitions and operationalization of the variables. The review reveals that past research concentrated mainly on behavioural, organisational, and technical variables as the main determinants of ABC success but very little research have been done to examine the roles of organizational culture and structure.Based on the research gaps identified, a research frame persist for future research is provided. major power TermsAdvanced Manufacturing Activity-Based Costing, ABC Success Environment, I. INTRODUCTION In todays competitive and continually changing business environment, firms need to be vigilant of the impacts of the changes in the business environment and devise catch strategies to survive and prosper. Advancements in manufacturing and communication technologies have drastically changed the ways businesses conduct their activities.Adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies such as robotics and computerized manufacturing have resulted in profound changes in the manufacturing cost structure which have led academics and practitioners to argue that the traditional costing methods are no longer sufficient within this new manufacturing environment 1 (Johnson and Kaplan, 1987). This had resulted in the change from the traditional volume-based cost model to new costing methods such as Activity Based Costing (ABC) 2.Due to its ability in providing more accurate costing information and enhancing firms performance, ABC is multi discipline Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, No. 2, August, 2010 2010-023X studies, which spanned 1995-2008 periods, were collected from four prominent refereed accounting research journals, in vigilance accounting field Journal of Management chronicle Research, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Management Accounting Research and British Accounting Review.Factors used by previous research to investigate the effect on ABC success implementation are summarized, and stage of ABC implementation alike is outlined. A. Technical Variables Early studies of ABC acceptance and implementation undertaken by previous researchers concentrated on technical factors, such as identification of main activities, selection of cost drivers, problem in accumulating cost data. Example of these research are Cooper 9, Morrow and Connelly 22.However, technical factors alone may not be fit to explain the factors influencing ABC success implementation. Cooper et al. 23 argued that the key problem during ABC implementation stage is that companies only focus on technical factors. They suggested that to make ABC implementation more effective, non-technical factors such as involvement of non-accounting in ABC implementation process, coronate direction championship, adequate culture program to employees about the objectives and benefits of ABC should be emphasized as come up.Similar opinions were expressed by guard 3 and resistances and McEwen 14. Shield (1995) found no significant relationship amongst technical factors and ABC success. Shields and McEwen 14 also highlighted that sole emphasis on the architectural and software innovation of ABC systems leads to the failure of ABC implementation. hence many researchers have suggested that new vari ables should be considered to investigate factors influencing ABC success. B.Contextual, Behavioral and Organizational Variables Recognizing the research gaps in identifying factors that may hit ABC success, academicians shifted their focuses from technical factors to other variables, such as contextual, behavioral and organizational, culture, as strong as organizational structure. Anderson 18 conducted a longitudinal investigation of ABC process in General force back (GM) from a period of 1986 to 1993. In his research, he examined the effects of organizational variables and contextual variables, and segmented ABC implementation into four major stages, initiation, adoption, adaptation and acceptance.He found that organizational factors, such as top management support and training for the ABC system bear upon various stages of ABC significantly, while contextual variables, such as competition, relevance to managers decisions and compatibility with existing systems produced diffe rent degree of impact on different stages of ABC. Shield 3 examined the relationships between diversity of behavioral, organizational and technical factors and the success of ABC implementation.She employed Shield and Youngs 24 framework and summarized behavioral and organizational variables as top management support, adequate resourcefulnesss, training, wed ABC system to performance evaluation and compensation, non-accounting ownership, link ABC to competitive strategies as well as clarity of ABC objectives. She found that top management support, linkage to quality initiatives and to personal performance measure (pay/appraisal), implementation of training and resource adequacy were the significant predictors in explaining ABC success.She also found that technical variables were not associated with ABC success. Shields determinations are supported by other researchers, such as Shield and McEwen 14, who argued that a significant cause for unsuccessful implementations of ABC of sev eral companies could be due to the emphasis of architectural and software design of the ABC system and less attention given to behavioral and organizational issues, which were identified by Shield 3. Krumwiede and Roth 25 also stated that barriers of ABC implementation can be overcome if firms could give importance to behavioral and rganizational variables identified by Shield 3. Similarly, Norris 26 agreed with Shields 3 findings that the association between ABC success and behavioral and organizational variables is stronger than with technical variables.She further highlighted that the impact of behavioral, organizational and technical should be focused at individual level. McGowan and Klammer 19 conducted a survey of 53 employees from 4 targeted sites in the U. S. o examine whether employees satisfaction levels are associated with ABC implementation by They also measured their perceptions of the factors associated with the degree of satisfaction, such as top management support th e degree of involvement in the implementation process objectives clearly stated objectives shared training linkage to performance evaluation system adequate resources information quality and preparer over user. Their results indicated that employees satisfaction with ABC implementation was positively related with clarity of objectives and quality of ABC information.Gosselin 15 carried out a survey of 161 Canadian manufacturing companies to examine the effects of strategic posture and organizational structure on adoption and implementation of command forms of Activity-based costing. He segmented the ABC implementation stage into adoption and implementation. The research findings showed that a prospector strategy was associated with manager decision to adopt ABC, while centralization and formalization were significantly associated with ABC success implementation. Krumwiede 20 surveyed U.S manufacturing firms to paper how contextual factors, such as the potential for cost distortion or size of firms organizational factors, such as top management support, training or non-accounting ownership, affect each stage of ABC implementation process. His findings showed that the different factors affected the various stages of implementation of ABC and the degree of importance of each factor varies agree to the stage of implementation. Contextual factors, such as usefulness of cost information, IT existence, less delegate uncertainty and life-size organizations were related to ABC adoption.Moreover, organizational factors, such as top management support, non-accounting ownership, and implementation training affect ABC success implementation. 145 International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, No. 2, August, 2010 2010-023X In other make by Anderson and Young 21, the relationship between organizational and contextual variables, such as organizational structures, task characteristics, management support, information technology and ABC success was examined .The result confirmed the importance of organizational factors (top management support and adequacy resources) during the ABC implementation stage. In South Africa, Sartorius et al. 27 carried out a chain mail survey to investigate the effect of organizational factors such as top management, adequate resources, coherence with organizational goals and strategy on ABC success. They found top management support and resources were the crucial factors in explaining ABC success. In the UK, Innes and Mitchell 4 and 12 surveyed the extent of ABC adoption among largest firms.The study aimed to find out factors influencing ABC success by using behavioral and organizational variables, and it was found that top management influenced ABC success significantly. In another study conducted by Khalid 28 using a questionnaire survey among the largest 100 firms in Saudi Arabia, ABC adoption was found to be positively related to diversity of products. In Malaysia, Ruhanita et al. 29 conducted a mail s urvey and a case study to examine that factors influencing ABC success, especially at adoption stage.They found the significant factors were cost distortion, decision usefulness, information technology and organizational factors. In addition, the findings showed that decision usefulness, top management support, link ABC to performance measure and compensation influenced the ABC success adoption significantly. A case study of one Chinese manufacturing firm was carried by Lana and Fei 30 in China. Their research aimed to examine round key success factors minded(p) to ABC implementation within Chinese organizational and ethnical setting.The research findings showed that top management support, hierarchal and communication structure and high proportion of dedicated professionals were the significant factors in determining ABC success implementation. Majid et al. 7 used a case study approach to describe the process of ABC implementation in a Malaysian service company and a Malaysian m anufacturing company. In this research, they categorized ABC implementation into initiation and adoption, design, implementation and use of information.The purpose of the research was to find out the problems faced during ABC implementation, He found that the factors determining ABC success were top management support, suitable ABC software, and finally, ensuring that all affected employees understand and participate in the ABC implementation stage. And they also found that at different stages of ABC, the plethoric factors influencing ABC success were also different. Colin et al. 31 adopted behavioral and organizational factors summarized by Shield (1995) to examine factors influencing the adoption and degree of success of ABC systems and determinants of that success.In their research, the targeted research population was manufacturing and service firms in the UK. They found that top management support, non-accounting ownership, adequate training provided to ABC determined the ABC success. Besides behavioral, organizational and technical variable, some researchers also indicated that the dimensions of national cultures could affect the level of ABC success 32, 33. Brewer 32 used Hofstedes taxonomy of work-related cultural values to examine the relationship between national culture and Activity-Based Costing system.In the study, Hofstede 34s work was applied to the case of Harris Semiconductor (HS), which has implemented ABC at plants in Malaysia and the USA. The results showed that the level of ABC success in Malaysia was higher than that of U. S due to high-power-distance and collectivist cultures in Malaysia. In addition, Supitcha and Frederick 33 also included national cultures dimension into framework in a case study of one Siamese state-owned enterprises budgeting system.They found that due to cultural differences, modifications were required when the organizations in Thailand tried to implement ABC system in Thai environment. Apart from national cultur e, corporate culture factors were also tested by prior research. Baird, Harrison and Reeve 17 conducted a study to investigate the relationship between the extent of ABC adoption and the organizational variables of size and decision usefulness of cost information and business unit culture. In their research, data were collected by a mail survey questionnaire and samples were randomly selected from business units in Australia.The research finding showed significant relationships between ABC adoption and decision usefulness, cultural dimensions of outcome orientation and tight poetry loose control. Baird, Harrison and Reeve 16 examined the relationship between success of activity management practices and organizational factors (top management support, training, link to performance evaluation and compensation, and link to quality initiatives), and organizational culture (outcome orientation, team orientation, attention to detail, as well as innovation).They adopted a survey questionna ire method on randomly chosen business units in Australia. The findings showed that two organizational factors (top management support, link to quality initiatives) explained the variations in success of activity management practices, such as ABC, and outcome orientation and attention to detail of organizational culture were associated with ABC success. They also disquieted that compared with organizational culture, organizational factors had stronger associations with the ABC.